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Cardiovascular System
The system composed of the heart and blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste.
Deoxygenated Blood
Blood that is low in oxygen and is carried to the lungs via the pulmonary circuit.
Oxygenated Blood
Blood that has been oxygenated in the lungs and is sent to body cells through the systemic circuit.
Pericardium
A double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart.
Epicardium
The outer layer of the heart wall; also known as the visceral pericardium.
Myocardium
The middle layer of the heart wall made of cardiac muscle; the thickest layer of the heart.
Endocardium
The inner layer of the heart wall made of connective tissue and epithelium, continuous with the endothelium of major vessels.
Atrioventricular Valve
Valves that prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during contraction.
Coronary Arteries
The first branches of the aorta that supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
Cardiac Cycle
The sequence of events in the heart from one heartbeat to the next, including atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole.
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