Cardiovascular_PP__2023_

Cardiovascular System

The system composed of the heart and blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste.

Deoxygenated Blood

Blood that is low in oxygen and is carried to the lungs via the pulmonary circuit.

Oxygenated Blood

Blood that has been oxygenated in the lungs and is sent to body cells through the systemic circuit.

Pericardium

A double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

Epicardium

The outer layer of the heart wall; also known as the visceral pericardium.

Myocardium

The middle layer of the heart wall made of cardiac muscle; the thickest layer of the heart.

Endocardium

The inner layer of the heart wall made of connective tissue and epithelium, continuous with the endothelium of major vessels.

Atrioventricular Valve

Valves that prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during contraction.

Coronary Arteries

The first branches of the aorta that supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

Cardiac Cycle

The sequence of events in the heart from one heartbeat to the next, including atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole.