Chapter 7

OCTETS

The four 8-bit sections in an IPv4 address, separated by dots.

LOGICAL AND

A binary operation used to determine the network address from an IP address and subnet mask.

PREFIX LENGTH

Represents the number of bits used for the network portion of an IP address.

SLASH NOTATION

A shorthand representation of the prefix length, written as /n (e.g., /24).

NETWORK ADDRESS

The first address in an IP range, used to identify a network.

HOST ADDRESS

An IP address assigned to a device within a network.

BROADCAST ADDRESS

The last address in an IP range, used to send messages to all devices in the network.

DIRECTED BROADCAST

A message sent to all hosts in a specific network.

LIMITED BROADCAST

A message sent to all devices in the local network (255.255.255.255).

MULTICAST GROUP

A set of devices that receive the same data transmission using a multicast address.

PUBLIC IPv4

Addresses that are globally unique and routable on the internet.

PRIVATE IPv4 ADDRESSES

Addresses reserved for internal networks and not routable on the internet.

LINK-LOCAL ADDRESS (IPv4)

An address automatically assigned within 169.254.0.0/16 when no DHCP server is available.

TEST-NET ADDRESSES

Reserved addresses for documentation and examples (192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24).

CLASSFUL ADDRESSING

An old system dividing IP addresses into predefined classes (A, B, C, etc.).

CLASSLESS

Addressing that removes class restrictions, allowing flexible subnetting.

INTERNET ASSIGNED NUMBERS AUTHORITY (IANA)

The organization that oversees global IP address allocation.

REGIONAL INTERNET REGISTRIES (RIRs)

Organizations that manage IP address distribution within specific regions.

DUAL STACK

Allows a device to run both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously.

TUNNELING

Encapsulates IPv6 packets inside IPv4 for network compatibility.

NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION 64 (NAT64)

Enables IPv6-only devices to communicate with IPv4 networks.

PREFERRED GLOBAL UNICAST ADDRESS (GUA)

A publicly routable IPv6 address used on the internet.

LINK-LOCAL (IPv6)

An automatically assigned address used for communication within the local network.

UNIQUE LOCAL

IPv6 addresses (FC00::/7) used for private networks.

GLOBAL ROUTING PREFIX

The first part of an IPv6 address, assigned by ISPs for network identification.

SUBNET ID

The portion of an IPv6 address used to divide a network into smaller segments.

INTERFACE ID

The unique identifier assigned to a device within an IPv6 subnet.

STATELESS DHCPv6

Provides only non-address configuration details, like DNS server information.

STATEFUL DHCPv6

Assigns IPv6 addresses and configuration details dynamically.

EXTENDED UNIQUE IDENTIFIER (EUI-64)

Generates an IPv6 interface ID using the MAC address.

ASSIGNED MULTICAST

Predefined IPv6 addresses used for specific network functions.

SOLICITED-NODE MULTICAST ADDRESS

Used for IPv6 neighbor discovery to find a device's MAC address.

ROUTER SOLICITATION (RS) MESSAGE

Sent by hosts to request IPv6 configuration from a router.

ROUTER ADVERTISEMENT (RA) MESSAGE

Sent by routers to provide IPv6 configuration to hosts.

NEIGHBOR SOLICITATION (NS) MESSAGE

Used in IPv6 to request the MAC address of another device.

NEIGHBOR ADVERTISEMENT (NA) MESSAGE

The response to an NS message, providing the requested MAC address.