Chapter 7

  • OCTETS are the four 8-bit sections in an IPv4 address, separated by dots.

  • LOGICAL AND is a binary operation used to determine the network address from an IP address and subnet mask.

  • PREFIX LENGTH represents the number of bits used for the network portion of an IP address.

  • SLASH NOTATION is a shorthand representation of the prefix length, written as /n (e.g., /24).

  • NETWORK ADDRESS is the first address in an IP range, used to identify a network.

  • HOST ADDRESS is an IP address assigned to a device within a network.

  • BROADCAST ADDRESS is the last address in an IP range, used to send messages to all devices in the network.

  • DIRECTED BROADCAST is a message sent to all hosts in a specific network.

  • LIMITED BROADCAST is a message sent to all devices in the local network (255.255.255.255).

  • MULTICAST GROUP is a set of devices that receive the same data transmission using a multicast address.

  • PUBLIC IPv4 addresses are globally unique and routable on the internet.

  • PRIVATE IPv4 ADDRESSES are reserved for internal networks and not routable on the internet.

  • LINK-LOCAL ADDRESS (IPv4) is an address automatically assigned within 169.254.0.0/16 when no DHCP server is available.

  • TEST-NET ADDRESSES (192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24) are reserved for documentation and examples.

  • CLASSFUL ADDRESSING is an old system dividing IP addresses into predefined classes (A, B, C, etc.).

  • CLASSLESS addressing removes class restrictions, allowing flexible subnetting.

  • INTERNET ASSIGNED NUMBERS AUTHORITY (IANA) oversees global IP address allocation.

  • REGIONAL INTERNET REGISTRIES (RIRs) manage IP address distribution within specific regions.

  • DUAL STACK allows a device to run both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously.

  • TUNNELING encapsulates IPv6 packets inside IPv4 for network compatibility.

  • NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION 64 (NAT64) enables IPv6-only devices to communicate with IPv4 networks.

  • PREFERRED GLOBAL UNICAST ADDRESS (GUA) is a publicly routable IPv6 address used on the internet.

  • LINK-LOCAL (IPv6) is an automatically assigned address used for communication within the local network.

  • UNIQUE LOCAL IPv6 addresses (FC00::/7) are used for private networks.

  • GLOBAL ROUTING PREFIX is the first part of an IPv6 address, assigned by ISPs for network identification.

  • SUBNET ID is the portion of an IPv6 address used to divide a network into smaller segments.

  • INTERFACE ID is the unique identifier assigned to a device within an IPv6 subnet.

  • STATELESS DHCPv6 provides only non-address configuration details, like DNS server information.

  • STATEFUL DHCPv6 assigns IPv6 addresses and configuration details dynamically.

  • EXTENDED UNIQUE IDENTIFIER (EUI-64) generates an IPv6 interface ID using the MAC address.

  • ASSIGNED MULTICAST addresses are predefined IPv6 addresses used for specific network functions.

  • SOLICITED-NODE MULTICAST ADDRESS is used for IPv6 neighbor discovery to find a device's MAC address.

  • ROUTER SOLICITATION (RS) MESSAGE is sent by hosts to request IPv6 configuration from a router.

  • ROUTER ADVERTISEMENT (RA) MESSAGE is sent by routers to provide IPv6 configuration to hosts.

  • NEIGHBOR SOLICITATION (NS) MESSAGE is used in IPv6 to request the MAC address of another device.

  • NEIGHBOR ADVERTISEMENT (NA) MESSAGE is the response to an NS message, providing the requested MAC address.