Design Technology Eduqas

Advantages and Disadvantages of global manufacturing (6)

✅= - Low labour costs, production costs less, lower prices for consumers and greater product choice, able to produce larger quantities

❌= Greater carbon footprint, complicated Production, reduces the variety of design

What is embossing and how does it work?

- Embossing is a process that creates a raised pattern on the paper or card
- adds texture and depth to a product
- is often found on greetings cards, perfume boxes to raise designs (eg logos) and make it eye-catching.
- it is made using a stamping process

example of plastic bag ---> paper bag and its positives and negatives

- morrisons - switched to paper bags
- pos: recyclable, biodegradable, requires less energy to make (materials are usually locally available) - reducing carbon footprint
- neg: not durable, not waterproof, more expensive

Softwoods and examples

wood from a coniferous tree
fast growing & therefore cheap
Pine, cedar, yew

Hardwoods and examples

Deciduous trees, slow growing so more expensive
Oak, elm, beech, mahogany

Plywood

Man made board - made of an odd number of layers glued together, finished with a veneer
-Very strong & can be water proof waterproof
-expensive for a man-made board

MDF and chip board (2)

Made by compressing wood chips together with glue
-Not very strong
-cheap

How do you finish wood? (3)

-Apply sanding sealer/primer (fills grains, seals wood, helps paint to stick to wood)
-Sand
-Apply finish

Different types of finish

-Paint
-Stains
-Varnish
-Oils
-Polish

How do you prepare metals before finishing?

1) Smoothed using draw-filing
2) Rubbing with abrasive paper
3) Remove grease a cloth soaked in degreaser

Process of Dip coating

1. A metal is heated in an over then plunged into fluidised powder (fine plastic powder)
2. The metal with its this coating of plastic is put back in the oven so the plastic fuses to the surface
3. It gives a soft smooth finish

what is a polymer?

- manufactured resistant material
- made from crude oil

What are thermoforming plastics?

Are easily moulded by heating and can be reheated and reformed many times

Acrylic properties (4)

-Brittle,
-easily shaped,
-made rigid,
-shiny

What are thermosetting plastics?

When heated they become hard and rigid. Once heated and moulded they can no longer be reheated & reshaped.. Thermosetting plastics cannot be recycled

Examples of thermosetting plastics?

Epoxy resin
Urea-formaldehyde

Jig/Former

Some thin pieces of metal can be bent cold on a jig or former

What are the 4 steps of life-cycle analysis?

1) Launch
2) Growth
3) Maturity
4) Decline

Advantages to CAD? (6)

-Speed,
-accuracy,
-ease of editing,
-modelling,
-transfer of CAD TO CAM,
-storing and sharing

Quality assurance

The system that is set up to ensure that high quality products are made

Quality control

The checks that are carried out on materials and products throughout production and make sure standards are being met

Malleability

the ability of the material to be deformed or bent in all directions without breaking

Hardness

the ability of the material to resist scratches, indentation and withstand wear

Toughness

the ability of the material to withstand sudden impact or blows without breaking

Durability

the ability of the material to withstand constant wear

Conductivity

the ability of the material to conduct heat or electrical energy

Strength

the ability of the material to withstand impact or force without deforming or breaking

Properties of Kevlar (3)

-very strong
-woven to make a material for light, flexible body armour
-Flame resistant

Natural material definition

Is derived from plants, animals or ore

Composite material definition

When two or more materials are bonded or combined together

Synthetic material definition

Created by Man via a scientific process

Smart material definition

Material that reacts to an outside stimuli

fire resistant material textile

polyester, !!!aramid fibres!!!

cool to wear clothing material textile

cotton, linen, silk,

ropes, tents, rucksacks, carpet

nylon

bags

jute

winter month clothing material

wool, acrylic,

sportwear + swimwear

elastane

biomimicry

fabrics/products designed to mimic nature
- speedos fast skin (v shaped fibres-shark skin)

Process of Galvanising (3)

Mild steel dipped in hot molten zinc for a coating. Mild steel rusts when exposed to water, zinc doesn't.

Benefits of Galvanising (2)

Rust protection
Corrosion resistant

Process of plastic coating (3)

Mild steel heated and dipped in polythene powder

Types of joints and example (4)

Permanent joints- wielding, soldering and adhesive

Temporary joints- screws and nuts + bolts

Knock down fitting definition and example

Temporary joints that are used to permanently join items together

IKEA with cam lockd

Advantages and disadvantages for knockdown fitting

✅= cheaper, less space and lower transport cost

❌= difficult to assemble and quality could be poor

Types of production (4)

Continuous, mass, batch and single

advantages and disadvantages of continuous (4)

✅= cheaper products for consumers and low labour cost

❌= high initial start up cost and quality control issues

advantages and disadvantages for batch production

✅= altered or changed and machinery/jigs can be altered too

❌= needs a flexible firm and high initial start up cost

Laminating process

Bonding different layers of materials with a bonding agent to form shapes and form that usually is much stronger.

Injection moulding process

1. Granules are fed into a rotating screws (Hopper)
2. screws become plasticised
3. screw pushes plasticised material into an empty mould
4. mould is left to cool or water is pumped to cool it
5. ejected with ejector pins when cooled

Casting process

1. metal is forced into mold space or "cast"
2. divesting (casting is retrieved)
3. finishing
4. polishing

Stages of production (9)

Primary processing
- buying Raw material
- processing of material

Secondary processing
- Assembly of components
- Finishing
- Packaging

5 Risk Assessment

1. Look for the Hazard
2. Who might be harmed
3. Evaluate Risks by levels
4. Record
5. Review and Revise

Technology Push

Radical innovation due to technological advances

Market Pull

Changes due to market demand and needs

Product Life Cycle (4)

Launch, growth, maturity, decline, Extension

Four P's

Product, Price, Place, Promotion