1.6 Respiration

What is the main respiratory substrate?

Glucose

What is involved in all the reactions of respiration?

Enzymes

What is the energy released from glucose in respiration used to make?

ATP

How is energy stored in ATP released?

ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi

Active transport, cell division, protein synthesis, muscle cell contraction, and transmission of nerve impulses

Give five uses of energy in the cell

What is the name of the first stage of respiration?

Glycolysis

What are the products of the first stage of respiration?

Two pyruvate and two ATP

Where does the first stage of respiration take place in the cell?

Cytoplasm

What needs to be present for stage two to proceed in aerobic respiration?

Oxygen

The release of chemical energy stored in glucose by all cells through a series of enzyme controlled reactions

Give the definition of respiration

Where does respiration take place?

All cells

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and a lot of ATP

Give the equation for aerobic respiration

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP

What respiration pathway takes place in the absence of oxygen?

Fermentation

What is the pyruvate converted to in the absence of oxygen in animal cells?

Lactate and two ATP

What is the pyruvate converted to in the absence of oxygen in plant cells?

Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and two ATP

Give the equation for fermentation in animal cells

Glucose -> lactate + two ATP

Give the equation for fermentation in plant cells and yeast

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + two ATP

Where is aerobic respiration completed?

Mitochondria

Where is fermentation completed?

Cytoplasm

Compare the energy output of aerobic respiration and fermentation

Aerobic produces many ATP, while fermentation produces two ATP

How is the type of cell related to the number of mitochondria it has?

The more energy a cell needs to perform its function the more aerobic respiration needs to occur in that cell so the more mitochondria it has

Compare aerobic respiration and fermentation

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration begins in the cytoplasm and ends in the mitochondria, fermentation begins and ends in the cytoplasm. Aerobic respiration produces many atp, fermentation produces two atp per glucose molecule. Aerobic respiration produces the waste products carbon dioxide and water in all cells, fermentation produces lactate in animal cells and ethanol and carbon dioxide in plant cells and yeast