Section 1 Database Basics

database application

software that helps business users interact with database systems.

database administrator

responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users.

Authorization

Many database users should haver limited access to specific tables, columns, or rows of a database. Database systems authorize individual users to access specific data.

Rules

Database systems ensure data is consistent with structural and business (blank).

query processor

interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data, and returns query results to the application.

query optimization

to ensure the most efficient instructions are executed on the data.

storage manager

The (blank) translates the query processor instructions into low-level file-system commands that modify or retrieve data.

indexes

The storage manager uses (blank) to quickly locate data.

transaction manager

ensures transactions are properly executed.

Metadata

data about the database, such as column names and the number of rows in each table.

relational database

stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.

relational databases are good for what?

ideal for databases that require an accurate record of every transaction, such as banking, airline reservation systems, and student records.

SQL

stands for Structured Query Language and includes statements that read and write data, create and delete tables, and administer the database system.

big data

The growth of the internet in the 1990s generated massive volumes of online data, called big data, often with poorly structured or missing information.