Unit 6: Cellular Processes Replication, Transcription, Translation

Anticodon

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code

base substitution

Replacement of one vase with another in the DNA

chromosomal mutation

the mutation that produces changes in the whole chromosome that occur during prophase

codon

a group of three nucleotide on mRNA that codes for one amino acid

deletion mutation

point mutation in which one base is removed from the DNA sequence

DNA polymerase

enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA

frameshift mutation

The mutation that shifts the reading frame of the gene, caused by deletion and insertion

gene mutation

mutations that produce change in a single gene

helicase

An enzyme that weakens and separates the strands of the double helix

insertion mutation

a point mutation in which one base is added to the DNA sequence

inversion

reverse the direction of all or part of the chromosome

mutagen

a physical or chemical agent causing mutations

mutations

An inheritable change in DNA and can involve large regions of DNA or a single nucleotide

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids

promoter

starts transcription or begins with a start codon AUG

replication

process of copying DNA prior to cell division

terminator

stops transcription or the stop codon

Transformation

process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

translation

process by which the mRNA is converted into a chain of amino acids

translocation

part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

transcription

process of making RNA from a segment of DNA