Overview of the U.S. Congress

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the structure, powers, and legislative process of the U.S. Congress.

House of Representatives

A chamber of Congress with 435 members whose membership is based on population.

Incumbent

The current office holder running for reelection.

Open seat

A Congressional seat that is not currently held by an office holder.

Census

A population count conducted every 10 years to determine representation.

Reapportionment

The process of assigning Congressional seats based on changes in population.

Redistricting

The process by which state legislatures create district boundaries.

Gerrymandering

Drawing district boundaries to benefit a particular political party.

Advice and Consent

Senate power to approve treaties and presidential appointments.

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to delay action on a bill.

Cloture Motion

A vote to limit debate on a bill, requiring a 3/5 majority to pass.

President Pro Tempore

A ceremonial leader in the Senate, presiding in the absence of the Vice President.

Discharge Petition

A majority vote that can bring a bill out of committee for consideration by the full House.

Pocket veto

Presidential action where a bill dies if not signed within ten days after Congress adjourns.

Joint Committee

A committee made up of members from both houses of Congress.

Select Committee

A temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose or investigation.

Standing Committee

A permanent committee that deals with specific policy matters.

Conference Committee

A temporary committee that resolves differences between House and Senate versions of a bill.

Legislative Process

The primary function of Congress to make and pass legislation, outlined in Article 1.

Step 1 of the Legislative Process: Introduction

A bill is formally introduced by a member of either the House of Representatives or the Senate.