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22 Terms
1
What happens during DNA transcription?
During DNA transcription, the DNA message is converted into an RNA molecule.
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2
What are the steps of DNA transcription?
1st, the DNA unzips into 2 separate strands; RNA nitrogen bases pair with the DNA bases; a single strand of RNA is produced; genetic code is transferred to mRNA.
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3
What happens during DNA translation?
During DNA translation, the RNA message is used to assemble amino acids into a protein chain.
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4
What is the role of mRNA in translation?
mRNA binds to the ribosome to start the translation process.
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5
What do tRNA molecules do during translation?
tRNA brings the proper amino acid into the ribosome as each codon moves through it.
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6
What is an anticodon?
An anticodon is a three-base sequence on tRNA that pairs with the corresponding mRNA codon.
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7
What is the significance of a stop codon in translation?
A stop codon signals the ribosome to stop translation and release the newly formed protein.
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8
What does RNA stand for?
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.
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9
What are the main differences between RNA and DNA?
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded; RNA contains Uracil instead of Thymine, and they have different sugars.
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10
Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA and how do they pair?
Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
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11
Which nitrogenous bases are found in RNA and how do they pair?
Adenine pairs with Uracil, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
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12
What are the three types of RNA and their functions?
mRNA carries the nucleotide sequence to the ribosome; tRNA picks up amino acids and brings them to the ribosome; rRNA forms part of the ribosome.
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13
What is the correct order of protein synthesis?
DNA —> Transcription —> RNA —> Translation —> Protein.
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14
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made up of amino acids.
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15
What is a polypeptide?
A polypeptide is a string of amino acids.
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16
What is a codon?
A codon is a three-base code in DNA or mRNA.
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17
What is the start codon?
The start codon is AUG, which codes for Methionine.
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18
What are the stop codons?
The stop codons are UAA, UGA, and UAG, which signal the end of protein synthesis.
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19
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence in the DNA of an organism.
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20
What happens in substitution mutation?
Substitution mutation occurs when a base is substituted, resulting in a new codon that codes for a different amino acid.
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21
What happens in insertion mutation?
Insertion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are added to a DNA sequence.
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22
What happens in deletion mutation?
Deletion mutation occurs when one or more bases are lost from a DNA sequence.
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