DNA Replication

Where are nucleotides added to on the new strand

Where are nucleotides added to on the new strand

3’ end

Where does replication begin

Origin of replication (dumbass)

What is a replication forks

the points where a DNA molecule is replicating

What unwinds the DNA strands

DNA helicase

What is synthesized by primase?

Primer (obviously)

What is DNA polymerase

enzyme ha catalyzes the polymerization of nucleotides

What does the leading strand do

grow quickly at the 3’ end

What does the lagging strand do

grows slowly and in pieces because it’s backwards

What are okazaki fragments

small discontinuous stretches of DNA

How is DNA synthesized

From 5’ to 3’

How are okazaki fragments joined together

DNA ligase

What is the replication complex

replication enzymes working together

True or false: Replication complex does move along DNA strand

False

Where are replication complexes in eukaryotic cells

anchored to the nuclear matrix

What are telomeres?

DNA sequence at the end of chromosomes

True or false: telomeres do not contain genes

true

What is the purpose of telomeres

cockblocks different chromosomes

prevents incorrect signaling

delays gene shortening

What can replace lost telomere sequences

telomerase, stem/germ cells/most cancer cells

What is telomerase

enzyme that replaces telomeres

What are the 3 DNA repair mechanisms

proofreading, mismatch repair, excision repair

What is proofreading

corrects errors during DNA replication

What is a mismatch repair

several proteins look for mismatched base pairs

When does mismatch repair occur

after replication

What is excision repair

damaged nucleotides are removed