Chapter 12 Preparation of salts

Phosphoric acid formula
Phosphoric acid creates?

HPO3
Phosphates

ethanoic acid formula
and it creates?

CH3COOH

ethanoates

nitric acid formula
and it creates?

HNO3
nitrates

procedure to make salt pure dry crystals (3)

React acid and base to make salt solution
heat solution in evaporating basin (concentrate the solutio)
cool slowly form crystals
filter the crystals and dry them.

(if want can wash/ evaporate a few times)

how to prepare soluble salt with acid alkaline (two methods) (2 x 3)

A
acid + solid (metal, base, or carbonate)

excess solid to make sure all acid is used.

NOTE bases/ carbonates are used instead of bare metal if the metal is too reactive.


B
acid + alkaline/ carbonate solution

used when bare metal is not reactive enough or when the base/carbonate is soluble

titration method

titration salt making procedure

do tritration to note how much of acid needed for base

then repeat but without using indicator

warm solution to concentrate it

cool slowly for crystal formation

filter and dry crystals

(if want can wash/ evaporate a few times)

chemically bonded water are called?

waters of crystallisation

what is filtrate?

fluid that which was filtered

residue

stuff that was filtered out

limiting reactant

substance that is not in excess

salt definition

product of acid + base

insoluble salt preparation

precipitation reaction (cannot use acid + solid as reaction will stop very fast, protective coating)

mix between two aqeous solutions, one containing the metal and the other the non-metal

for soluble solubtions of metal, can use NITRATES (all nitrate salts are soluble)

for soluble solutions of the non metal, can use SODIUM, POTASSIUM solutions (all soluble)