Maternal and Child Health Nursing (MCHN) Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key topics from the Maternal and Child Health Nursing (MCHN) review lecture, including sexual anatomy, menstrual cycle, fetal development, maternal adaptation, stages of labor, and high-risk pregnancy conditions.

Skene's Gland

Female external structure homologous to the male prostate gland that functions in lubrication.

Bartholin's Gland

Female external structure homologous to the male Couper's gland that secretes fluid to lubricate the vagina.

Estrogen

The hormone of the woman responsible for primary secondary sexual characteristics, adolescent growth spurt, breast enlargement, hip widening, and hair appearance.

Progesterone

The hormone of pregnancy that prepares and thickens the endometrium, inhibits eFSH, LH, and uterine contractions, and has thermogenic effects.

Thelarche

The initial development of breast tissue in puberty.

Adrenarche

The onset of pubic and axillary hair growth during puberty.

Menarche

The first menstrual period, occurring at an average age of 11 to 14 years old.

Spinbarkeit

Clear, slippery, stretchable cervical mucus resembling raw egg white that indicates the fertile period in the Billing's method.

Amenorrhea

The absence of menstruation.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation.

Menopause

The permanent cessation of menstruation, occurring at an average age of 50 or 51 years old.

Menorrhagia

Excessive or abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding.

Metrorrhagia

Uterine bleeding occurring between normal menstrual cycles.

Ampulla

The outer third portion of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs; also the most common site of ectopic pregnancy.

IsthMUs

The portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus that serves as the site for bilateral tubal ligation (sterilization).

Interstitial

The most proximal site of the fallopian tube and the most dangerous site for an ectopic pregnancy.

Infundibulum

The most distal part of the fallopian tube located closest to the ovaries.

Mesoderm

Germ layer that develops into the heart, musculoskeletal system, reproductive organs, kidneys, and ears.

Endoderm

Germ layer that develops into the thyroid, thymus, GI and respiratory tracts, liver, and tonsils.

Ectoderm

Germ layer that develops into the skin, nails, hair, and central nervous system (CNS).

Vernix Caseosa

A white cheesy substance that appears on the fetal skin during the 6th month of gestation.

Cryptorchidism

Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum by the 7th month of fetal development.

Oligohydramnios

An abnormally low amount of amniotic fluid, defined as less than $500\text{ cc}$, associated with fetal urinary or kidney malformations.

Polyhydramnios

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid, defined as more than $500\text{ cc}$, associated with swallowing conditions like tracheoesophageal atresia or fistula.

Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)

Placental hormone (somatotropin) that acts as an insulin antagonist to ensure adequate glucose for the fetus, peaking in the 3rd trimester.

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Subjective symptoms felt by the woman, categorized by the mnemonic BANQUS: Breast changes, Amenorrhea, Nausea & vomiting, Quickening, Urinary frequency, and Skin changes.

Probable Signs of Pregnancy

Objective signs observed by a healthcare provider, such as Chadwick's sign, Goodell's sign, Hegar's sign, positive pregnancy tests, abdominal enlargement, ballottement, and Braxton Hicks contractions.

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

Diagnostic proof of pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound, audible fetal heart tones ($120\text{--}160\text{ bpm}$), or a visible fetal outline/sonogram.

Chadwick's Sign

A probable sign of pregnancy characterized by a bluish discoloration of the cervix and vaginal mucosa.

Goodell's Sign

A probable sign of pregnancy characterized by the softening of the cervix.

Hegar's Sign

A probable sign of pregnancy characterized by the softening of the lower uterine segment.

Lordosis

Inward curvature of the lumbar spine during pregnancy ('pride of pregnancy'), caused by the influence of the hormone relaxin.

Station

The measurement of the degree of descent of the fetal presenting part in relation to the level of the maternal ischial spines.

Latent Phase

The initial phase of the first stage of labor with cervical dilation of $0\text{--}3\text{ cm}$, mild contractions every $5\text{--}10\text{ minutes}$ lasting $20\text{--}40\text{ seconds}$.

Active Phase

The middle phase of the first stage of labor with cervical dilation of $4\text{--}7\text{ cm}$, moderate contractions every $3\text{--}5\text{ minutes}$ lasting $40\text{--}60\text{ seconds}$.

Transitional Phase

The final phase of the first stage of labor with cervical dilation of $8\text{--}10\text{ cm}$, severe contractions every $2\text{--}3\text{ minutes}$ lasting $60\text{--}90\text{ seconds}$.

Ritgen's Maneuver

An obstetric technique used during the second stage of labor to control delivery of the fetal head and facilitate expulsion.

Brandt-Andrew's Maneuver

A method used in the third stage of labor to facilitate the safe delivery of the placenta.

Duncan Placenta

Placenta delivered with the maternal surface presenting first, characterized by a dull, red, and rough appearance ('dirty').

Schultze Placenta

Placenta delivered with the fetal surface presenting first, characterized by a smooth, shiny appearance ('shiny').

Subinvolution

The failure of the uterus to return to its normal pre-pregnancy size and state during the postpartum period.

Threatened Abortion

Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy without cervical dilation or tissue passage, where the cervix remains closed.

Hydatidiform Mole

A gestational trophoblastic disease marked by chorionic villi developing into grape-like vesicles ('ubas-ubasan'), markedly high HCG, and absence of fetal heart tones.

Placenta Previa

Implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment, characterized by painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester.

Abruptio Placenta

Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta, characterized by painful, dark red vaginal bleeding and a board-like, rigid abdomen.

Cullen's Sign

A bluish discoloration around the umbilicus indicating intra-abdominal bleeding, seen in ruptured ectopic pregnancy.