Lifestyle Medicine and Behavioral Change Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on core concepts, frameworks, definitions, and visual diagrams from the Lifestyle Medicine lecture.

Lifestyle Medicine

The application of environmental, behavioral, medical, and motivational principles to the management of lifestyle-related health problems in a clinical setting, including self-care and self-management.

Primary Prevention

Preventing disease from developing by modifying behavioral or environmental causes.

Secondary Prevention

Modifying risk factors to avert disease, along with standard medical management in the absence of medical intervention.

Tertiary Prevention

Rehabilitation from a disease state and prevention of recurrence.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

The sum of years of life lost due to premature mortality and the years lost due to disability in a given population.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of disease in a population.

Pareto Distribution (in Disease Risk)

The principle stating that $80\%$ of disease risk is explained by $20\%$ of risk factors, leaving the remaining $20\%$ elusive.

Proximal Determinants

Immediately recognized determinants of disease (such as poor eating patterns, smoking, or drug use) that represent the reach of medical investigation at the practice level.

Distal Determinants

Underlying, large-scale environmental, political, economic, and sociocultural factors (such as neighborhood issues or stress) that lead to proximal determinants.

Classic Inflammation

An acute, short-term, localized immune response that removes infective stimuli, facilitates tissue repair, and returns the body to homeostasis.

Meta-inflammation

A low-grade, persistent, systemic increase in inflammatory markers associated with the metabolic system and chronic diseases.

Anthropogens

Man-made, novel, and recent behavioral or environmental inducers (such as processed foods, air pollution, and sedentary lifestyle) that trigger low-level immune responses.

Shared Medical Appointments (SMA)

Consecutive individual clinical visits conducted in a supportive group setting ($1$ practitioner to $15\text{--}20$ patients) where participants listen, interact, and learn together.

Eduventures

Experiential learning initiatives bringing healthcare professionals and patients together over $2\text{--}7$ days of combined physical activities and continuing professional development training.

Motivational Interviewing (MI)

A patient-centered clinical intervention intended to strengthen motivation and readiness for action by exploring and resolving ambivalence.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Stages of Change

A model of behavior change outlining five sequential stages: Precontemplation (NO), Contemplation (MAYBE), Preparation (PREPARE/PLAN), Action (DO), and Maintenance (KEEP GOING).

TTM Intervention Strategies

Stage-matched intervention methods ranging from education and gamification for non-exercisers to persistent visual feedback, social influence, and problem-solving for action and maintenance.

DARN Categories of Change Talk

A framework in motivational interviewing categorized into Desire, Ability, Reason, and Need to formulate open questions that elicit change talk.

Principles of Self-Management

A framework mapping clinical approaches (Client Centered, Motivation Focused, Health Literacy Oriented) across practice implications (Counseling, Practice, Outcomes).

Clinician-Patient Seating Arrangements

Physical seating setups across a desk that express interaction dynamics: Competitive/dominance, Co-operative, Engaged but able to retreat, and Not really interested.

Self-care

A broad set of health-related behaviors and daily living activities that an individual carries out, ranging from wellness strategies to managing chronic conditions.

Self-management

An active, systematic approach where a patient manages decision-making, symptom monitoring, and the physical, emotional, occupational, and social impacts of a chronic condition.

Health Literacy

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

5 A's of Lifestyle Prescription

A clinical framework for guiding lifestyle change in medicine consisting of Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange.