Cell Growth and Division

Vocabulary flashcards for cell growth and division.

Surface area

The total area of its cell membrane.

Volume

The space inside the cell.

Asexual reproduction

Production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent.

Sexual reproduction

Involves the fusion of two reproductive cells, an egg cell and a sperm cell from two parents.

Chromosomes

Packages of DNA

Cell cycle (prokaryotic)

A regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division in prokaryotic cells.

Binary fission

A type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells.

Histones

DNA tightly bound to proteins

Chromatin

The DNA and proteins.

Nucleosomes

DNA and histones molecules form bead like structures

Cell cycle (eukaryotic)

A series of events where the cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides to form two daughter cells.

Interphase

The longest phase of the cell cycle comprised of G1, S, and G2 phases.

Gap 1

The cell grows in this gap.

Synthesis

New DNA is synthesized as the chromosomes are replicated.

Gap 2

the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced

M phase

includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Mitosis

when the nucleus divides.

Cytokinesis

the cytoplasm and organelles divide.

Prophase

Genetic material inside the nucleus condenses into chromosomes, they duplicate, and become visible.

Metaphase

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

The sister chromatid separate and begin to move apart towards opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

The chromosomes begin to spread out.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.

Internal Regulators

Proteins that respond to events inside the cell.

External Regulators

Proteins that respond to events outside the cell

Cyclin

Helps regulate the cell cycle.

Apoptosis

A process of programmed cell death.

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth.

Tumors

A mass of cells.

Benign

Noncancerous tumors

Malignant

Cancerous tumors are…

Chemotherapy

Chemicals that kill or slow the growth of cancer.

Differentiation

The process by which cells become specialized and different.

Totipotent

Able to do everything to develop into any type of cell in the body

Pluripotent

Cells that can develop into any of the body’s cell types.

Stem cells

The unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop.

Multipotent stem cells

These adult cells are referred to