Gemara Semester Test 2 pt. 2

Shur Tam

innocent animal under 3 offenses which is only liable 50%

Shur Moed

guilty animal 3+ offenses that is fully 100% liable

Key Phrases - ‏חולקין

Definition: "to divide/split"

Significance: in situations of doubt, split it. - סומכוס's position

(because you don't know whose fault it is)

Key Phrases - ‏המוציא מחבירו עליו הראיה

Definition: "if you want to take from someone else, you must have evidence" (חכמים's opinion)

Significance: you have to have evidence because ppl can lie

Key Phrases - סברא הוא

Definition: "it is logical"

Significance: logic has the power to create laws

Key Phrases - ‏יהרג ואל יעבור

Definition: "you shall be killed, do not break them"

Significance: cannot break 3 cardinal sins: adultery, idolatry, murder (רוצח)

- super דאורייתא

Key Phrases - ‏פיקוח נפש

Definition: "to save a life"

Significance: you are allowed to break ALL דאורייתא laws to save a life. (EXCEPT for cardinal sins)

Key Phrases - ‏קודש הילולים לה׳

Definition: "they are Holy, give praise to G-d"

Significance: the Gemara tried to use this as a source for the law of why we make ברכות on fruit, but it ultimately teaches us that we must desanctify fruit.

Key Phrases - ‏חילול

Definition: "desanctify"

Significance: if you want to use something Holy, you must desanctify

- exchange it for its monetary value.

Key Phrases - ‏מעילה

Definition: "stealing theft (from G-d)"

Significance: if you don't say a blessing on your food, you are stealing from G-d.