Biomed Protien Synthesis

DNA

• molecule that stores genetic information

• genes which make proteins (Protein factory = Ribosomes)

• DNA is the plan locked in the nucleus file cabinet

• written in language D: A, T, C, G (A→T, C→G)

RNA

• molecule made by transcribing DNA

• the instructions on how to build the protein (the car)

• written in language R: A, U, C, G (A→U, C→G)

Enzime

• special protein responsible for helping chemical and/or biological reactions to occur

• Reads DNA language and transcribes into RNA language

RNA Polymerase

• Enzime responsible for the transcription of RNA from a section of DNA (transcription = changing one language to another)

• Without RNA Polymerase, no RNA molecule is built

What are the steps of protein synthesis?

1) DNA unwinds

2) RNA Polemerase transcribes DNA into RNA (messenger RNA = mRNA)

3) mRNA leaves nucleus to cytoplasm

4) mRNA enters Ribosome

5) Ribosome reads Codon (Codon = 3 letter code that calls for specific amino acid)

6) Amino Acids are delivered by transfer RNA (tRNA) using anti-codon to find the correct piece of mRNA

7) Amino Acids are linked together to form protein

What makes one protein different from another? 

• Sequence of amino acids is unique for each different protein

• Length of amino acid chain

• Shape of resulting protein (proteins that lose their shape lose their function