Chemistry Vocab

Unit 3 Chem Vocab

Mendeleev

was a chemist who made the first periodic table

moseley

used increased atomic numbers to redefine/organize the periodic table

periodic law

elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number, physical and chemical properties

Period

horizontal row on the periodic table

Group

verticle row on the periodic table

s block

elements on the left of the periodic table (alkaline and earth metals)

P block

right side of the periodic table (metals)

d block

metals in the middle (transition metals)

F block

bottom of periodic table (inner transition metals)

Alkalai metals

group 1 of periodic table (far left)

Alkaline earth metals

group 2 of periodic table (6 elements)

transition metals

groups 3-12 in d block of periodic table

halogens

nonmetallic elements in group 17 (far right)

noble gases

seven elements in group 18 with low chemical reactivity (far right)

metal

shiny, malleable, and conductors of energy

non metals

brittle, dull, and poor conductors of energy

metalloids

elements that have both traits of non metals and metals

Electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals of an atom.

Principal Energy Levels

the main electron shell or region around an atom’s nucleus where electrons reside

Sublevels

smaller energy divisions inside the main electron energy levels of an atom

Atomic orbitals

regions around the atom’s nucleus where there is most likely an electron

Aufbau principle

electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy level before occupying higher energy level

orbital notation

how electrons are arranged inside an atomic orbital using boxes/circles and arrows

Pauli principle

no two identical particles with half integer spin can occupy the same quantum state at the same time

Hund’s rule

electrons fill equal energy orbitals singly with parallel spins before they pair up

Isoelectronic

having the same amount of electrons and electron configuration

Valence electrons

electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom that can make chemical bonds