Unit 2 M22-25

Consciousness

• Definition: Awareness of ourselves and our environment.

• Practical Application: Being able to understand your feelings or surroundings during different activities, like walking or studying

Hypnosis

• Definition: A state of focused attention where a person is more open to suggestions.

• Practical Application: Used in therapy to help people quit smoking or reduce pain.

Posthypnotic Suggestion

• Definition: A suggestion made during hypnosis that is meant to be followed after the session.

• Practical Application: A person may be told to ignore stress triggers to help with anxiety.

Dissociation

• Definition: A split in consciousness, allowing some behaviors or thoughts to occur separately from others.

• Practical Application: Daydreaming during a boring task without losing focus on the primary activity.

Sleep

• Definition: necessary state of rest for the body and mind.

• Practical Application: Restores energy and supports brain function.

Circadian Rhythm

• Definition: The body’s internal clock, which follows a roughly 24-hour cycle.

• Practical Application: Helps us feel awake during the day and sleepy at night.

REM Sleep

• Definition: A sleep stage where dreams are vivid and the body is more active.

• Practical Application: Important for learning and emotional processing.

Alpha Waves

• Definition: Slow brain waves that occur in a relaxed, awake state.

• Practical Application: Seen when we are calm and resting but not yet asleep.

NREM Sleep

• Definition: Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep; includes lighter to deeper sleep stages.

• Practical Application: Helps with physical restoration and immune health

Hallucinations

• Definition: Sensory experiences without actual sensory input.

• Practical Application: May occur when a person is very tired or has taken certain drugs.

Hypnagogic Sensations

• Definition: Sensations of falling or floating right before you fall asleep.

• Practical Application: Common when transitioning from wakefulness to sleep.

Delta Waves

• Definition: Slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

• Practical Application: Help the body repair and recharge during deep sleep stages.

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

• Definition: A part of the brain that controls circadian rhythms.

• Practical Application: Signals the release of melatonin at night, helping you feel sleepy.

Insomnia

• Definition: Trouble falling or staying asleep.

• Practical Application: Can be treated with lifestyle changes or medication.

Narcolepsy

• Definition: A sleep disorder with sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks.

• Practical Application: Affects daily life as people may fall asleep unexpectedly.

Sleep Apnea

• Definition: A sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

• Practical Application: Treated with devices or lifestyle changes to improve breathing during sleep.

Night Terrors

• Definition: Episodes of intense fear and screaming during sleep, mostly in children.

• Practical Application: Different from nightmares, as the person is hard to wake and may not remember the event.

Dreams

• Definition: Images, emotions, and thoughts occurring during sleep.

• Practical Application: Help process emotions and memories.

Manifest Content

• Definition: The literal storyline of a dream.

• Practical Application: What you remember from a dream, like being chased by an animal.

Latent Content

• Definition: The hidden meaning of a dream.

• Practical Application: A dream about being chased might represent anxiety in real life.

REM Rebound

• Definition: The increase of REM sleep after being deprived of it.

• Practical Application: The body tries to catch up on REM sleep if it’s been missed.

Psychoactive Drug

• Definition: A substance that changes mood, perception, or behavior.

• Practical Application: Includes substances like caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine.

Substance Use Disorder

• Definition: Continued use of a substance despite harmful effects.

• Practical Application: Leads to issues in daily life, such as health problems or relationship issues.

Tolerance

• Definition: Needing more of a substance to get the same effect.

• Practical Application: Common in people who use drugs regularly.

Withdrawal

• Definition: Symptoms that occur when stopping a drug that the body has become dependent on.

• Practical Application: Can include anxiety, sweating, or nausea when quitting a drug.

Depressants

• Definition: Drugs that slow down body functions.

• Practical Application: Includes alcohol and sedatives, often causing relaxation or sleepiness.

Alcohol Use Disorder

• Definition: Uncontrolled drinking leading to health and social issues.

• Practical Application: May require treatment for recovery.

Barbiturates

• Definition: Drugs that depress the central nervous system and can reduce anxiety.

• Practical Application: Used in medical settings but can be addictive.

Opiates

• Definition: Drugs that relieve pain but can be highly addictive.

• Practical Application: Includes morphine and heroin, often used for pain relief but risky.

Stimulants

• Definition: Drugs that speed up body functions.

• Practical Application: Includes caffeine and nicotine, often used to increase alertness.

Nicotine

• Definition: A stimulant found in tobacco.

• Practical Application: Highly addictive and linked to health risks.

Cocaine

• Definition: A powerful stimulant derived from the coca plant.

• Practical Application: Increases energy and confidence but can lead to a crash and health risks.

Amphetamines

• Definition: Stimulant drugs that increase energy and focus.

• Practical Application: Used medically but can be abused for high energy or focus.

Methamphetamine

• Definition: A very addictive stimulant with intense effects.

• Practical Application: Can lead to severe health and mental health issues.

Ecstasy (MDMA)

• Definition: A stimulant and mild hallucinogen that promotes emotional closeness.

• Practical Application: Often used at parties but has health risks, like dehydration.

Hallucinogens

• Definition: Drugs that create sensory distortions and images without input.

• Practical Application: Includes LSD and marijuana, leading to vivid experiences.

Near-Death Experience

• Definition: An altered state reported after close encounters with death.

• Practical Application: Often involves seeing bright lights or feelings of peace.

LSD

• Definition: A powerful hallucinogen that distorts perception.

• Practical Application: Causes intense hallucinations, sometimes linked to mood swings.

THC

• Definition: The main active ingredient in marijuana.

• Practical Application: Produces a mild high and can alter senses and mood.