Progressive movement

What was the Gilded Age?

accumulation of the industrial revolution (rapid economic growth)

What were three major problems that were plague in American society during the Gilded Age?

trusts: formed monopolies

Political corruption: take advantage of voters

no consumer protection (no government regulation)

What was the Progressive Movement?

A diverse movement aimed at fixing social, economic, and political problems

What was the primary goal of most progressives?

Use the power of the government to clean up the worst problems with capitalism

what is a muckraker

people who were investigative journalist and expose many of the problems

Over the three parts of the progressive reform process

1. acknowledge the problem

2. Inform the public

3. Seek legal change (constitutional amendment/laws)

Direct primary

A primary election where voters directly selected candidates who will run for office

Initiative

A procedure by which voters can write in propose a law or amendment

Referendum

A general vote by the people on a single political question for direct decision

Recall

procedure by which voters can remove an elected official before their term ends

Secret ballot

Anonymous voting method that helps to make elections, fair and honest

17th amendment

Established the direct election of Senators by voters

19th amendment

gave women the right to vote

Upton Sinclair

meat packing industry, the jungle

Ida Tarbell

Exposing monopoly specifically the standard oil company

Lincoln Steffens

The shame of cities, exposed government corruption/public apathy

Jacob Riis

how the other half lives, immigrant living conditions in tenements

John Spargo

The bitter cry of children, exposed child labor

Ida Wells

anti lynching, southern horrors

What was Roosevelt Square deal

Domestic (at home) policies to address issues of the Gilded Age

what were the three Cs in the square deal

conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, consumer protection

What did Roosevelt do to Northern securities?

Sherman antitrust act to break up the company; northern securities or corporations as trust to control railroads

What did Roosevelt become known as after the Supreme Court case against Northern securities?

Northern security sued and Supreme Court sided with federal government; considered trust buster

How did Roosevelt help settle the strike of the United mine workers

United mine workers strike for better wages and shorter hours, but the owners wouldn't meet with the union; injunction to send the army to run the mind unless both sides agreed to arbitration; successfully ended

Why did Roosevelt create the department of commerce and labor?

established to investigate businesses and their practices to assure fair trade, address, labor issues, and aid commerce

What did Hepburn act do?

gave interstate commerce commission the ability to set maximum rates for railroads so they couldn't overcharge

what did the Newlands reclamation act do?

allowed federal government to control irrigation projects in the west; made it possible to farm land

Who did Roosevelt think could be trusted to conserve land?

believed experts should manage national forests; to maintain land he established forest service; protected national forest, wildlife preservation, and parks

Who brought more antitrust cases, Roosevelt or taft

Taft

what was the purpose of the children's bureau

investigate and publicize problems with child labor, and other things pertaining to welfare of children like disease

What was the purpose of the bureau of mines

Monitor mining companies and safety, expand national forest, and protect water power sites

What was the purpose of the Underwood tariff?

reduced import tariffs to make foreign goods cheaper for average consumer and encourage that Americans compete fairly with foreign ones

Which amendment gave federal government the power to tax income

The 16th amendment

what was the purpose of the federal reserve act of 1913 and how does the federal government influence the money supply?

periodic depressions had left people without faith in banks; created federal reserve system: nations bank, that sets monetary policy to alleviate and prevent financial crisis; how much money is in circulation

what was the purpose of the Federal Trade Commission?

Monitor American businesses

What did the Clayton antitrust act do?

Outlawed practices that restricted competition and fixed antitrust act to help protect small businesses

What did the Keating-Owen Act do?

regulate child labor and prohibited employment under 14