Conditions of the Ears, Eyes, Nose, Throat, and Mouth Lecture

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and definitions related to conditions of the ears, eyes, nose, throat, and mouth, based on the lecture materials.

What is the outer part of the ear called?

Auricle

What are the three bones in the middle ear?

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

What is the primary function of the Eustachian tube?

To equalize pressure in the middle ear.

What does the Rinne test assess?

Comparative hearing ability of air conduction versus bone conduction.

What is the normal result for the Weber test in a healthy patient?

Sound is heard equally in both ears.

How should the auricle be positioned when using an otoscope for adults?

Pull up and back to straighten the ear canal.

What is the appearance of a healthy tympanic membrane?

Pearly gray with no perforation, bulging, or redness.

What is a common cause of otitis externa?

Water exposure, commonly seen in swimmers.

What are common symptoms of otitis media?

Earache, fever, fullness in the ear.

What kind of hearing loss is characterized by a blockage in sound conduction?

Conductive hearing loss.

What is the first line treatment for acute otitis media?

Antibacterial therapy such as Amoxicillin.

What are nasal polyps?

Non-cancerous growths in the lining of the nasal passage.

What is the main symptom of allergic rhinitis?

Clear nasal discharge.

What is the condition known as when recurrent throat infections lead to tonsillectomy?

Tonsillitis.

What is the medical term for a sore throat?

Pharyngitis.

What is a common cause of laryngitis?

GERD, infection, or excessive voice use.

What causes epistaxis?

Trauma, dryness, or high blood pressure.

What is the most common eye injury in contact sports?

Corneal abrasion.

What is a classic sign of conjunctivitis?

Redness and discharge in the eye.

What type of vision problem is myopia?

Nearsightedness.

What are signs of a detached retina?

Flashes of light, floaters, and curtain effect.

What is a common complication of diabetes regarding eyesight?

Diabetic retinopathy.

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

To produce tears.

What is the term for inflammation of the larynx?

Laryngitis.

What type of medical professional specializes in eye care?

Ophthalmologist.

What condition refers to a collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye?

Hyphema.

What is a stye?

An infection of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids.

What are common symptoms of a sinus infection?

Facial pain, nasal congestion, and purulent discharge.

What is the medical term for earwax buildup?

Impacted cerumen.

What does the acronym PEARL stand for in pupillary response?

Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light.

What condition leads to reduced airflow through the nostrils?

Nasal obstruction.

What does the term 'sensorineural hearing loss' refer to?

Hearing loss due to damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

What is a hallmark sign of oral thrush?

White, curd-like patches that can be scraped off.

What is the classic sign that indicates tonsillitis?

Swollen tonsils with possible exudate.

What condition is commonly referred to as 'swimmer's ear'?

Otitis externa.

What is one of the first treatments for allergic rhinitis?

Antihistamines.

What type of test evaluates the visual acuity of a patient?

Standard eye chart test.

What eye condition can result from prolonged exposure to UV light?

Cataracts.

What is one risk factor for developing glaucoma?

Increased intraocular pressure.

What is the medical term for nosebleed?

Epistaxis.

What is a fibrous band of tissue in the eye that can thickly develop in chronic irritation?

Pterygium.

What type of eye injury involves a penetration through the sclera?

Ruptured globe.

What is a common symptom of throat cancer?

Persistent sore throat that does not heal.

What measures should be taken in case of a chemical eye burn?

Immediate copious irrigation with water.

What is one treatment method for a corneal laceration?

Prompt surgical repair.

What is the term for a recurrent headache around the eyes?

Cervicogenic headache.

How often should eye exams occur for individuals over 50?

Annually.

What defines 'presbycusis'?

Age-related hearing loss.

What type of eye problems may require cataract surgery?

Lens opacity affecting vision.

What can cause red, itchy, watery eyes during allergy season?

Pollen exposure.

What should patients with oral cancer be advised to do?

Quit tobacco and alcohol use.

What kind of thermometer is best for assessing fever in children?

Digital thermometer.

What are warning signs that warrant immediate eye examination?

Sudden vision loss or flashes of light.

What condition is characterized by a white patch that cannot be scraped off in the mouth?

Leukoplakia.

Name a common treatment for conjunctivitis caused by bacteria.

Topical antibiotics.

What are distinguishing symptoms of an ear infection?

Fever, ear pain, and fluid in the ear.

What should be avoided in the case of trauma to the eye?

Touching or rubbing the eye.

What is a common sign of nasal polyps?

Chronic nasal congestion.

What is one preventive measure for ear infections?

Avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke.

What is the condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses?

Sinusitis.

What is the term for difficulty swallowing?

Dysphagia.

What is the most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis?

Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

What are the common indicators for needing a referral for eye-related issues?

Persistent symptoms or unknown etiology.

What is the management strategy for allergic conjunctivitis?

Antihistamines and topical mast cell stabilizers.

What type of eye protection is recommended in contact sports?

Polycarbonate lenses.

What is one common complaint of a patient with pharyngitis?

Severe sore throat.

What is the illness associated with inflammation of the esophagus that can affect the voice?

GERD.

How is oral candidiasis typically treated?

Antifungal medications.

What is a common early sign of throat cancer?

Persistent sore throat or hoarseness.

What is the function of the cornea?

To focus light onto the retina.

What is another term used for common cold?

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI).

What is the term for when a person cannot see objects far away?

Nearsightedness or myopia.

What indicates a positive result in the Rinne test?

Air conduction is greater than bone conduction.

What is a typical treatment for laryngitis?

Voice rest and hydration.

What differentiates a foreign body in the eye from a superficial injury?

Presence of a penetrating sensation and irritation.

What does the term 'scotoma' refer to?

A partial loss of vision or a blind spot.

What are the symptoms of vestibular dysfunction?

Dizziness, imbalance, and vertigo.

What indicates a need for immediate intervention in case of eye trauma?

Vision loss or bleeding from the eye.

What are signs that an allergy may be present?

Sneezing, itching, and nasal discharge.

What is the surgical procedure to correct a deviated septum?

Rhinoplasty.

What is a common result of exposure to allergens?

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

What type of hearing loss might a swimmer experience from water exposure?

Conductive hearing loss.

What are the anatomical structures involved in hearing?

Outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.

What kind of examination typically accompanies otitis media diagnosis?

Physical exam, primarily otoscopic examination.

What are common adverse effects of chronic alcohol consumption regarding oral health?

Increased risk of oral cancer and periodontal disease.

What can cause discomfort in the throat and a voice change, frequently observed in voice professionals?

Laryngitis.

What is an important measure for preventing viral conjunctivitis?

Hand hygiene and avoiding touching the face.

What are the primary areas evaluated in a physical exam of the throat?

Tonsils, uvula, and pharynx.

What is the common over-the-counter method to alleviate nasal congestion?

Decongestant nasal sprays.

What can exacerbate symptoms of otitis externa?

Moisture in the ear canal.

What is the common treatment for epistaxis?

Pinch the nose and lean forward.

What is the composition of a dental abscess?

Pus due to infection at the tooth root.

What is a common outcome of untreated allergies?

Development of chronic sinusitis.

What diagnostic tool is used to assess the retina?

Ophthalmoscope.

What is the typical age range for patients most affected by strabismus?

Children.

What is the term for unequal pupils?

Anisocoria.

What is the main symptom of a corneal abrasion?

Eye pain and irritation.

What is an effective home remedy for a sore throat?

Saltwater gargles.

What do dilated pupils indicate?

Possible neurological issues or drug effects.

Which part of the ear is responsible for balance?

Vestibular system.