Acid-Base Balance Chapter

What does a weak acid do?

releases H+

What does a weak base do?

binds excess H+

where are protein buffer systems found?

in cells and blood

Where are phosphate buffer systems found?

within cells

Whats the weak base for phosphate?

hydrogen phosphate(HPO2-)

Whats the weak acid for phosphate?

dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4)

Whats a strong acid buffer?

produces weak acid

strong acid buffer

weak base

HPO24- weak base picture

Where are bicarbonate buffer systems found?

within ECF and blood

Weak base for bicarb?

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) mops a proton

Weak acid for bicarb?

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) donates a proton

whats buffering capacity?

limit of acid or base a chemical buffering system can buffer

Protein buffer system

3/4 in body fluids

contains: intracellular protein, plasma proteins, hemoglobin

When pH rises in a protein buffer system what happens?

The COOH disassociates to act like acid= COO- +H+

When pH falls in a protein buffer system what happens?

the free amine group picks up a proton to act as a base

What is an amine group for?

acts as a weak base to buffer acid

What does carboxylic acid do?

acts as a weak acid to buffer base

Whats impaired respiratory function?

holding on to breathing forces a reaction to the right

Whats abnormal rates in respiratory rates?

hyperventilation

reduced amount of CO2, pulls reaction to the right

Kidneys do what for moving HCO3-?

pump H+ in urine, bicarb is reabsorbed in blood and kept as a buffer

What happens during respiratory acidosis ?(most common)

cant eliminate CO2, above 45 mm Hg

What causes respiratory acidosis?

hypoventilation, airway obstruction, emphysema, respiratory membrane has too much water

What causes respiratory alkalosis?(reaction goes to the left)

severe anxiety attack, hypoxia, aspirin overdose, kidneys aren't pumping H+

Metabolic acidosis caused by?

Loss of HCO3- or gain of H+

What causes metabolic acidois?

ketoacidosis, excessive alc intake, renal dysfunction, diarrhea

What happens during metabolic alkalosis?

too many protons about binded up

What are the effects of metabolic alkalosis?

excessive vomiting, overdose of alkaline drugs, kidneys with diuretic overuse, taking a lot of tums

solution for metabolic alkalosis?

hypoventilation (breathing deeper and slower to hold on to CO2)

What is an ABG for?

diagnose and monitor acid base disturbances

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?

increased H+ secretion and reabsorption of HCO3-

What is ketoacids?

produced from fat metabolism

Ketoacidosis

excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic