LESSON 5 malpractice and corruption

Corruption

The abuse of power for personal gain, often at the expense of public interest.

Bribery

The offering or accepting of money, gifts, or favors in exchange for undue advantages.

Embezzlement

The theft or misappropriation of public funds.

NEPOTISM

the practice of giving jobs or privileges to family members and relatives rather than based on merit.

CRONYISM

the practice of giving jobs or privileges to friends, or political allies rather than based on merit.

Kickbacks

Government officials receiving a portion of project funds from contractors in exchange for securing contracts.

Ghost Projects and Payrolls

Funding for non-existent government projects or employees.

Red Tape

deliberate delays in government services to pressure citizens or businesses into paying bribes.

Extortion

the act of obtaining money, property, or services from someone through coercion, threats, or force.

Electoral Fraud

Manipulating elections through vote buying, tampering with election results, or intimidation.

Judicial Corruption

Judges or prosecutors being influenced by money or political pressure.

Pork Barrel System

The misuse of public funds intended for development projects but instead used for personal or political gains.

State Capture

When private interests heavily influence government policies and decision-making.

Malpractice

Refers to improper, unethical, or negligent conduct by a professional that results in harm, damage, or loss to another party.

Negligence

Failure to provide the standard level of care, resulting in harm to the patient.

Misdiagnosis or Delayed Diagnosis

Incorrectly diagnosing a patient or delaying the correct diagnosis, leading to worsened conditions.

Surgical Errors

Mistakes during surgery, such as wrong-site surgery, leaving instruments inside a patient, or anesthesia errors.

Medication Errors

Prescribing or administering the wrong medication or dosage.

Failure to Obtain Informed Consent

Performing medical procedures without the patient’s full understanding and agreement.

Negligence

A lawyer failing to provide competent representation, missing deadlines, or mishandling a case.

Conflict of Interest

Representing multiple parties with conflicting interests without proper disclosure.

Breach of Fiduciary Duty

Misusing client funds or failing to act in the client's best interests.

Fraudulent Practices

Engaging in false advertising, scams, or financial misrepresentation.

Consumer Rights Violations

Selling defective products or providing misleading information about services.

Environmental Violations

Businesses disregarding environmental laws, leading to pollution or ecological damage.

Corruption

Public officials engaging in bribery, embezzlement, or abuse of power.

Neglect of Duty

Failing to perform public service responsibilities, leading to harm or inefficiency.

Human Rights Violations

Unlawful actions by government officials, such as police brutality or suppression of free speech.

Academic Fraud

Falsifying grades, credentials, or research data.

Negligence in Teaching

Failure of educators to provide proper instruction or maintain a safe learning environment.

Discrimination and Harassment

Allowing or engaging in discrimination against students or faculty