CHN REVIEWER

Public Health

Public Health

A.C. Winslow defined it as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort.

Essential Public Health Functions

WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific lists 9 functions including health situation monitoring, epidemiological surveillance, policy development, health system management, regulation, human resources development, health promotion, quality assurance, and research.

Levels of Prevention

Leavell and Clark's model includes Primary Prevention (preventing a problem before it occurs), Secondary Prevention (early detection and intervention), and Tertiary Prevention (limiting disability and rehabilitation).

Community Based Nursing

It involves applying the nursing process in a specific setting with an emphasis on acute and chronic care for individuals and families.

Population-focused Nursing

Focuses on specific groups of people regardless of geographical location, emphasizing assessment, determinants of health, all levels of prevention, and interventions at community, system, individual, and family levels.

Intervention Wheel

Proposed by nurses from the Minnesota Department of Health, it is population-based, includes 3 levels of practice, and defines 12 public health interventions.

Community Health Interventions

Include surveillance, outreach, screening, case finding, referral, case management, delegated functions, health teaching, counseling, consultation, collaboration, coalition building, community organizing, advocacy, social marketing, and policy development.

Universal Health Care

Aims to achieve better health outcomes through elements like health financing, regulation, service delivery, and good governance, as part of the FOURmula One (F1) for Health.

Competency Standards in CHN

Include safe and quality nursing care, resource management, health education, legal and ethical responsibilities, personal and professional development, quality improvement, research, records management, communication, and collaboration.

Primary Health Care

Encompasses essential care accessible to individuals and families, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention, health maintenance, counseling, patient education, and treatment of acute and chronic illnesses in various settings.