Chapter 10: Blood (Hematologic System)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the composition, functions, types of blood cells, and hematological disorders associated with the hematologic system.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood, making up 55% of its volume, containing water, electrolytes, proteins, and other solutes.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that transport oxygen and assist in carbon dioxide transport.

Leukocytes

White blood cells that provide defense and immunity.

Platelets

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow.

Hemocytoblasts

Stem cells in bone marrow that can develop into all types of blood cells.

Anemia

A condition characterized by insufficient hemoglobin content, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A type of anemia caused by inadequate iron, leading to microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells.

Pernicious Anemia

Anemia caused by the body's inability to absorb Vitamin B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor.

Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia

Anemia resulting from a deficiency of folic acid, necessary for DNA synthesis and maturation of red blood cells.

Aplastic Anemia

A condition characterized by bone marrow failure, resulting in a deficiency of all blood cell types.

Hemolytic Anemia

Anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells faster than they can be produced.

Thalassemia Major

A genetic blood disorder characterized by insufficient globin chains of adult hemoglobin.

Iron Overload

A condition resulting from excessive accumulation of iron in body organs, leading to potential toxicity.

Blood Volume

The total amount of blood in a healthy adult, approximately 5-6 liters.