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Gyroscopic Instruments
In 1851, the French physicist Leon Foucault
devised a small wheel with a heavy outside rim.
When spun at a high speed, the wheel demonstrated the strange characteristic of remaining rigid in the plane in which it was spinning.
Gyroscopic Flight Instruments
instruments that have a mechanical gyroscope incorporated into their design.
Freely or Universally Mounted Gyroscope
free to rotate in any direction about its center of gravity.
Restricted or Semi-rigidly Mounted Gyroscopes
mounted so that one of the planes of freedom is held fixed in relation to the base
Rigidity in Space, Precession
Fundamental Properties of Gyroscopic Instruments
Gyroscope
Any spinning object exhibits gyroscopic properties. A wheel or rotor designed and
mounted to utilize these properties is called
Rigidity in Space
refers to the principle that a gyroscope remains in a fixed position in the plane in which it is spinning.
An example is that of a bicycle wheel.
Precession
tilting or turning of a gyro in response to a deflective force.
• Heading Indicator
• Attitude Indicator
• Turn Indicators
Instruments Using Gyroscope
Heading Indicator
fundamentally a mechanical instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass
is not affected by the forces that make the magnetic compass difficult to interpret.
depends upon the principle of rigidity in
space.
Attitude Indicator
formerly known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon
informs the pilot of the aircraft’s orientation relative to Earth's
horizon
Turn-and-Slip Indicator
Its gyro rotates in the vertical plane corresponding to the aircraft’s longitudinal axis.
Turn Coordinator
The gimbals is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn.
Navigational maps and charts
based on a grid system of latitude and longitude, with the geographic north and south poles and the equator being the references for this grid
• Magnetic compass
• Remote indicating compass
• Slaved gyro compass
Types of Direction Indicating Instruments
Magnetic Compass
consists of a float, constant to a bar magnet.
The flow meeting is filled with a liquid to ease the motion of the bar magnet suspended at the pivot.
The main body is a cast aluminum housing with a glass lens
Compass
an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction
relative to the geographic cardinal directions (or points).
Remote Indicating Compass
utilizes a detector unit (usually located in the wing tips) known as the flux valve, which senses the Earth’s magnetic field (William Gilbert (1540-1603)) and reduces it to a complex phase signal.
Remote Compass Transmitter
Electrically Connected
Slaved Gyro Compass
A heading indicator, combined with direction-sensing instrumentation, overcomes
the limitations of either a conventional magnetic compass or a gyroscopic heading
indicator without directional input.
Translation of Gyroscope in Greek
to view the Earth's rotation
