Needs Assessment

Conduct a needs assessment + capacity assessment

What is the first step of planning a health promotion program?

Identify, analyze, prioritize needs of priority population (foundation for intervention)

What is a needs assessment?

Identify existing & potential resources (community + individual supports)

What is a capacity assessment (asset-based)?

It defines why the assessment is being done, who will participate, and guides the direction of the process.

What does the '“purpose and scope” of an assessment mean?

 Staff, supplies, incentives, assets (people, orgs, buildings), existing assessments.

What are considered resources in a needs/capacity assessment?

Laws/regulations at all levels influencing behaviors.

What do policies refer to in an assessment?

Available to assess usage, effectiveness, accessibility, and if needs are being met to avoid duplication.

How do programs factor into an assessment?

Evidence-based or best practices impacting planning

What are practices in the context of assessments?

Environmental and behavioral factors for change

What do interventions target?

1. Individual

2. Institutional

3. Organizational

4. Governmental

5. Physical & land

6. Cultural

What are the 6 types of community assets/strengths as identified by Doyle et al., (2010)

Public agencies, libraries, or social services

Example of government assets?

Socioecological Model

What model frames assessments with multi-level influences?

(individual, family, relational, community/peers, societal/cultural)

What are the levels of the Socioecological Model?

Epidemiological, Public Health, Social, Asset, Rapid

What are the 5 Needs Assessment Models?

Epidemiological

Which needs assessment model is data driven? (prevalence, birth rates)

Asset model

Which model focuses on the community strengths and resources?

PRECEDE-PROCEDE, MAPP, Intervention Mapping

What are examples of program planning models?

Expressed, Actual, Perceived, Relative Needs

What are the 4 types of needs regarding to the priority population?

1. Service use: exercise class

2. What people say they want: healthy vending options

What is an example of an expressed need? What is an example of a perceived need?

Focus group, nominal group process, Delphi technique, community forums.

Give an example of group level primary data collection

BRFSS, YRBSS, US Census, NCHS, CDC Wonder

Give an example of government secondary data sources

1. Planning the survey

2. Overall design

3. Method of data collection

4. Planning data analysis

5. Drawing the sample

What are the first 5 steps of designing and completing a survey

Purpose, research question, subjects, design, instruments, results, conclusions, implications.

What are key criteria for evaluating published information?

Reliability, Accessibility, Timeliness, Applicability.

 What four quality checks should be considered before using data?

Reveals missing information → guides primary data collection or priority setting.

Why is it important to identify data gaps?

Validity, reliability, purpose, cost, and time constraints.

What should be considered when selecting data collection instruments?

Small groups privately rank and share ideas, ensuring equal input.

 What is the Nominal Group Process?

Using photos and discussion to raise awareness and influence policy.

What is Photovoice?

Expert consensus achieved through several rounds of questionnaires.

What is a Delphi panel?

 Economic stability, Education access/quality, Health care access/quality, Social/community context, Neighborhood/built environment.

What are the 5 categories of Social Determinants of Health (HP2030)?

 Paradigm, Goals, System Structure, Feedback & Delays, System Elements.

What are the 5 levels of systems change?

Predisposing, Enabling, Reinforcing.

 What are the 3 types of factors affecting behavior change (Green & Kreuter)?

Individual knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions that motivate behavior before it occurs.

What are predisposing factors?

Skills, resources, and environmental or societal conditions that make it possible (or easier) to change behavior.

What are enabling factors?

Feedback, rewards, or encouragement from others (e.g., peers, family, health providers) that support continuation of behavior change.

What are reinforcing factors?

Inclusion of partners, recruitment and participation, dose, satisfaction, and supportive context.

What increases the capacity of the priority population?

Validate identified needs using multiple methods.

What is the final step of a needs assessment?

To inform stakeholders and priority populations, guide next steps, and meet legal requirements.

 Why is reporting findings important?