History of Psychology and Psychopathology

Flashcards about the history of psychology and psychopathology

What practice dating back 8-10 thousand years ago, involved creating holes in skulls?

Trefining or trepanning

For most of human history, how was abnormal behavior typically explained?

It was assumed that people were possessed by demons or evil spirits.

What is demonology?

The doctrine that evil spirits such as the devil may dwell within a person to control his or her mind.

What was the role of the church in dealing with the mentally ill for most of human history?

The church, particularly priests, dealt with the mentally ill, often through elaborate prayer rites and exorcisms.

How were temples dedicated to Asclepius used in the Greco-Roman Empire for treatment?

People would go to these temples, stay overnight, and hope to have a dream where Asclepius or a priest would reveal what was needed to get better.

Who is known as the father of modern medicine and why?

Hippocrates, because he was the first to pioneer the separation of medicine from religion.

What is somatogenic origin, according to Hippocrates?

A body beginning for deviant behavior, suggesting that mental illness could be related to physical problems in the brain or body.

What were the three basic categories of mental illness proposed by Hippocrates?

Mania, melancholia, and frenitis (brain fever).

What were the four humors or fluids that Hippocrates believed caused mental disorders when imbalanced?

Blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.

What event led to a shift back to religious explanations for mental illness?

The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD.

What was the Malleus Maleficarum?

The official witch hunting manual for the church.

What were some common methods used to determine if someone was a witch?

Asking leading questions, looking for body marks, and testing for skin insensitivity.

What were asylums?

Institutions that began to be set up in the sixteenth century to house the mentally ill, though conditions were often poor.

Who was Philippe Pinel and what contribution did he make to treating people?

A doctor who tested the hypothesis that the mentally ill would improve if treated like humans by improving conditions.

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

He was the first to create a psych laboratory to do research and is credited as the father of psychology.

What was Sigmund Freud's approach to psychology?

He developed a discipline based on unconscious behavior and was motivated by the unconscious.

Who was Ivan Pavlov and what is he known for?

A Russian physiologist who discovered the conditioned reflex.

Who is considered the father of behaviorism?

J. B. Watson, who showed that fear can be learned through association.

What is J.B. Watson's most famous experiment?

The Little Albert experiment, where he demonstrated that fear can be learned through association.

What do behaviorists believe about the development of a person?

They believe that environment and experiences have everything to do with how we turn out, minimizing the role of biology.

How did B.F. Skinner affect behavior?

His big thing was reward and punishment.

What did Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow discover?

The focus was on uniquely human things like religion, spirituality, art, and creativity

Trefining or trepanning

Who created holes in skulls in a practice dating back 8-10 thousand years ago?

Philippe Pinel

Who is known for testing the hypothesis that the mentally ill would improve if treated like humans by improving conditions?

Wilhelm Wundt

Who created the first psychology laboratory to do research and is credited as the father of psychology?

Sigmund Freud

Whose approach to psychology was based on unconscious behavior and motivation from the unconscious?

Ivan Pavlov

Who discovered the conditioned reflex?

J. B. Watson

Who is considered the father of behaviorism and demonstrated that fear can be learned through association?

B.F. Skinner

Whose work heavily involved reward and punishment to affect behavior?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Who focused on uniquely human things like religion, spirituality, art, and creativity?

Hippocrates

Who is known as the father of modern medicine and why?