kin 255 - Stimulus evoked responses and simple reflexes

stimulus evoked behaviour

behavior evoked as an automatic & relatively immediate consequence of sensory stimulation

stimulus driven

where stimulus defines characteristic of response

stimulus released

characteristics of response can be independent of some of the stimulus characteristics

reflexes

many stimulus evoked behaviours are examples of what

reflex

made as a direct automatic & relatively immediate response to stimulation of specific sensory inputs

involuntary

compulsory, without will

automatic

spontaneous without conscious thought or intention

behavioral measures

the timing, accuracy, stimulus-response characteristic and response modifiability are types of

electrophysiology assements

H-reflex, evoked potentials, brain hemodynamics and non-invasive brain stimulation are types of

elpased time

______ between different points of stimulus to response process tells info about each specific part of the process

the EMG

what time period captures amount taken for NS to relay afferent signal to turn stimulus to response and relay motor command

Conduction time

time it takes to conduct the signal along the axons of afferent/efferent pathways

synapse time

time it takes for information to be exchanged by neurons

reaction time

time between the stimulus onset and the motor system response

response time

time between stimulus onset and the movement outcome

movement time

time between onset of the motor system response and the movement outcome

response reaction time

what is another name for response time

premotor time / latency

what is another name for reaction time

more response choices

what can cause a longer reaction time

Hick's law

the keep it simple stupid principle is a manifestation of what

true

on average, reaction time is quicker the more straightforward it is to relate the stimulus to the response t or f

auditory

which type of senses is known for the fastest response time

visual

which type of sense is known for the slowest response time

touch and visual

does touch and visual have a faster response time or does audio and visual?

the quicker the reaction time is

the more intense a stimulus energy is

true

knowing when a specific response will be required (predicting) leads to quicker response times t or f

monosynaptic arc

sensory neuron synapse directly with motor neuron

disynaptic arc

sensory neuron acts on the motor neuron vis intermediary neuron

polysynaptic arc

a pathway involving many interneurons b/w sensory and motor neurons. includes mixes of arcs

interneuron

neuron transmits impulses b/w other neurons. this can modify and transmit the nature of incoming signal

inhibitory interneuron

a neuron that when excited, exerts a suppressive effect on the next neruon

Ia afferent

what type of afferent neuron would be used in a monosynaptic arc

true

an afferent nerve diverges to act on many motor neurons t or f

different extrafusal fibers

diverged motor neurons innervate what

extrafusal muscle fibers

muscle fibers responsible for generating contractile force

intrafusal muscle fibers

specialized muscle fibers that detect muscle stretch

synergist and antagonist muscle

a monosynaptic reflex needs coordinated action with what

monosynaptic

what type of pathway is the synergist muscle using

disynaptic

what type of pathway is the antagonist muscle using

turn excitatory AP into inhibition

what does the interneuron do to the antagonist muscle

homonymous reflex pathways

afferent excitation of sensory neuron acts to excite a motor neuron that projects back to same muscle where sensory neuron originated from

heteronymous reflex pathways

afferent excitation of sensory neuron act to excite/inhibit a motor neuron that projects to a different muscle

agonist

in a reflex pathway what muscle uses a homonymous reflex pathway

antagonist and synergist

in a reflex pathway what muscle uses a heteronymous reflex pathway

alpha motor neuron

innervates extrafusal fibers to shorten( more AP ) or lengthen (less AP) the fiber

gamma motor neuron

innervate special segments at each end of the intrafusal fibers to keep them taught as muscle contracts

fusimotor system

together muscle spindle fibers and gamma motor neurons are called the

fusimotor drive

affect of gamma motor neuron on spindle fiber is known as what

alpha-gamma coactivation

coordinated action of alpha and gamma motor neurons during muscle contraction

tonic bias / fusimotor bias

increase in muscle tension through coordinated action of alpha and gamma motor neuron during muscle contraction

no

if alpha motor neurons are only working, would you have information of the muscle length

weaker afferent response

changing the gamma motor neuron activity by changing alpha-gamma relationship will alter tightness of spindle causing what

inhibit the reflex

to decrease the strength of the effect of the sensory afferent on the motor neruon you could....

gain

inhibiting the reflex to decrease strength of effect is called what

facilitate reflex

increasing the gain at sensory to motor synapse, you would