Crime Scene / Forensic Science Technology

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from forensic science and crime scene investigations.

CSI Effect

The phenomenon where jurors have unrealistic expectations about crime scene investigations due to portrayals in media.

Testimonial Evidence

Statements made under oath, including witness statements and alibis, used in legal contexts.

Physical Evidence

Evidence that can be of any size, shape, or form, divided into direct and circumstantial.

Direct Evidence

Physical evidence that supports the conclusion of facts without inference, like eyewitness accounts.

Circumstantial Evidence

Physical evidence that supports the conclusion of facts with inference, such as fibers and body fluids.

Individualization

The process of linking a piece of evidence to a unique source, such as fingerprints or a broken piece of plastic.

Classification

Grouping evidence that shares a common source, such as various types of fabric or paint.

Cognitive Bias

The influence of irrelevant information on individuals' judgments and decision-making processes.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency for individuals to interpret information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs.

Frye v. United States (1923)

Established that expert testimony must have general acceptance in the relevant scientific community.

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)

Determined that trial judges decide on the admissibility of evidence based on its reliability and general acceptance.

Brady v. Maryland (1963)

Mandates prosecutors to provide exculpatory evidence to the defense before trial.

Teamwork in Investigations

The collaboration among different departments and agencies to achieve a common goal in investigations.

Professional Ethics

The obligation of forensic practitioners to uphold integrity and conduct thorough, unbiased investigations.

Negative Evidence

Evidence that refers to the absence of or lack of evidence, which can play a crucial role in investigations.