Newtons laws of motion

Newtons 1st law

The momentum of an object will not change unless a resultant force acts upon it

Newtons 2nd law

The resultant force is equal to the rate of change of momentum

Newtons 3rd law

If body A exerts a force on body B then body body B will exert a force that is equal and opposite upon body A

Conservation of momentum

In a closed system the total momentum is constant

Perfectly elastic collision

Momentum, total energy and kinetic energy is conserved

Inelastic collision.

Momentum and total energy is conserved but kinetic energy is not

Formula for kinetic energy

1/2mv²

Is kinetic energy a vector or scalar quantity

It is scalar quantity and is always positive

Examples of a perfectly elastic collision

-Rutherford scattering

-Scattering of charged particles

-Orbital slingshot

-Particles in an ideal gas

-Hard steel balls (almost)

Examples of an inelastic collision

-Car crash

-Seatbelts

-Ballistics

-Extreme example when two object are embedded