Exam 2 - Adult Acquired Speech Disorders

Aphasia

Inability to produce or understand speech due to a stroke

What organ are the cranial nerves attached to?

brain stem

What are the main functions of the frontal lobe?

Decision-making and motor control

Which structures in the FRONTAL lobe are responsible for speech/lang?

• Broca’s Area

• Motor Strip

• Prefrontal Cortex

What are the main functions of the temporal lobe?

inputting and outputting language

What structure in the temporal lobe is responsible for speech/lang?

Wernicke’s Area

What are the main functions of the parietal lobe? 

• Memory

• Language

• Reading, Writing (in left lobe)

• Visual Spatial Constructional (in right lobe)

What structure in the parietal lobe is responsible for speech/lang?

Sensory Strip

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

visual processing

What structure in the occipital lobe is responsible for speech/lang?

visual cortex

What does the dominant side (in 98% of people, the left hemisphere) of the brain refer to?

Primary Language Centers

What does the non-dominant side (in 98% of people, the right hemisphere) of the brain refer to?

Non-primary Language Centers

How do the L and R hemispheres of the brain communicate to one another?

Through the corpus callosum

If there is an error with your cognition, what neurological condition would you have?

Dementia

If there is an error with your language, what neurological condition would you have?

Aphasia

If there is an error with your motor planning, what neurological condition would you have?

Apraxia of speech

If there is an error with your motor execution, what neurological condition would you have?

Dysarthria

What do receptive forms of aphasia include difficulties with?

• auditory comprehension

• reading comprehension

What effects does fluent receptive aphasia have on an individual?

• Wernicke’s area is damaged

• Individual can speak fluently, but there are issues with morphosyntax and understanding speech

What do expressive forms of aphasia include difficulties with?

• verbal expression

• graphic (writing) expression

What effects does non-fluent expressive aphasia have on an individual?

• Broca’s area is damaged 

• Understanding is good, but using correct words when speaking is difficult (weak speech production)

Paraphasia

A symptom of aphasia where you substitute certain words for others

Global Aphasia

Form of aphasia where affected patient can speak correctly with automatic processing, but cannot really use manual processing with speech (can’t answer questions past kindergarten-level)

• Stronger expressive than receptive communication

What are the most common causes of aphasia?

• Trauma

• Tumor

• Progressive Disease

  • Primary Progressive Aphasia

• Stroke

• Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Ruptured (burst) artery

Ischemic Stroke

Clogged Artery

More common

What are interventions used for treating ischemic strokes?

• TPA=Tissue Plasminogen Activator=Can break up blockage within specific time window

• Clot retrieval=can remove blockage if done in time window

What are two types of assessments used for aphasia?

• Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam

• Western Aphasia Battery

What are the functions of the R hemisphere?

slower synthesis, context oriented, great at understanding the whole, not just the ingredients

What are the functions of the L hemisphere?

Fast analysis, detail oriented, great at understanding + producing speech + language

Hemiparesis

Muscle weakness on one side of body

Hemiplegia

Paralysis on one side of the body

Hemisensory impairment

Loss of ability to perceive sensory information

Visual field cut

a partial or complete loss of vision in a specific area of the visual field

Unilateral neglect

a neurological condition where a person is unaware of one side of their body or space due to brain damage, most often from a stroke

Dysphagia

Difficulty with swallowing to the point of respiratory problems and/or nutritional or hydrational problems

Broca’s Aphasia