Chapter 13 - Exercise & Sport Psychology

fundamentals of kinesiology

Sport Psychology

involves the study of how psychological factors can affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors

Exercise Psychology

includes the study of behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and social factors that serve as the antecedents to and consequences of acute and chronic exercise

What are the ABCs of psychology?

Affect, Behavior, and Cognitions

What are the two main goals of exercise and sport psychology?

1.) to understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance

2.) to understand the effects of participation in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being

Norman Triplett

first recognized research study; observed that cyclists riding in a group tended to have faster times than those riding by themselves.

G. Stanley Hall

reported on the benefits of physical education in childhood development in 1908. founded the American Psychological Association (APA)

Coleman Griffith

largely recognized as the “father” of sport psychology. Founded the Research in Athletics Laboratory at Univ. of Illinois. Hired by the Chicago Cubs to improve team performance.

William P. Morgan

Research originated in work psychology and expanded further to include highly influential studies on the role of exercise on anxiety and depression.

How does exercise affect anxiety and depression?

exercise reduces feelings of anxiety and depression by releasing endorphins

What populations can benefit from/apply sport and exercise psychology?

seniors, children, exercisers, elite athletes, recreational athletes, people who are mentally and physically challenged, coaches, teachers, and fitness leaders

What are the 3 roles of a sport and exercise psychologist?

research, teaching, and consulting

Why is there a need for a comprehensive approach?

People are complex; they need each of their needs identified.

What are the different areas of specialties for sport psychologists?

Clinical sport psychologists and educational sport psychology specialists

Clinical Sport Psychologists

Licensed, trained to work with people with severe emotional disorders and help athletes with problems such as eating disorders & substance abuse

Educational Sport Psychology Specialists

use a mental coach approach, have training in PE, kinesiology, or exercise and sport science. educate and increase athletes’ and coaches’ awareness of issues such as anxiety management and confidence development

Reasoned Action Theory

suggests that an individual’s intentions are the most important factors in determining behaviors

Planned Behavior Theory

extends the theory of reasoned action by incorporating behavioral control

Social Cognitive Theory

one of the most widely known theories to assist in behavior change, and includes behavioral, personal, and environmental factors.

Health Belief Model

the benefits of an action must outweigh its costs

Transtheoretical Model

also known as the stages on change; consists of 3 key components: a) people progress through five stages of change at varying rates, b) throughout the process of change, people will move back and forth through the stages at various rates, and c) people will use various cognitive and behavioral processes and strategies to facilitate change

Relapse Prevention Model

involves the development of plans and interventions for coping with situations that may result in lapses or relapses in behavior changes or rehabilitation, or self-destructive type behaviors

goal setting

setting specific, measurable goals that are realistic and challenging, but still achievable

motivational strategies

assisting clients, patients, and athletes to work toward their goals, make positive behavioral changes, and continue to put forth the effort needed to improve performance or health

time management and organization

ability to plan and maintain one’s regular schedule in a way that allows for the inclusion of exercise or practice

anxiety or energy management

most commonly used to help individuals who experience anxiety, stress, or activation at levels that are not effective for optimal performance

imagery, visualization, mental practice

used to help enhance individuals’ performance, assist in rehabilitation, and learn new skills

self-talk

what you say or think before, during, and after a task

team building

helps members of a group enhance their ability to work cohesively through the improvement of communication, group objectives, trust, and respect