15 Sources of Hydrocarbon Compounts

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6 Terms

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Hydrocarbon

Organic compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Alkanes and alkenes

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Natural sources of hydrocarbons

  • natural gas

  • Crude oil / petroleum

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What are the different fractions from fractional distillation used for

  • fuels : petrol, kerosene oil, diesel oil, refinery gas

  • Lubricants

  • Manufacture of petrochemicals: refinery gas, naphtha

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Cracking

The process by which long chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into shorter chain hydrocarbon molecules by breaking carbon-carbon bonds

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Why is cracking important

  • increases the production of smaller more useful hydrocarbons (since fractional distillation makes an excess of the longer ones and insufficient of the shorter ones)

  • produced very reactive alkenes to be used in the petrochemical industry to make other organic compounds (since fractional distillation makes none and cracking makes at least one)

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Ways of cracking

Thermal cracking

  • temp: about 750 degrees C

  • Pressure: about 70 atm

Catalytic cracking

  • Temp: about 500 degrees C

  • Fairly low pressure

  • Presence of a catalyst