CP Quiz 4 Review: Elbow and Wrist

The elbow serves as the anchor for the major muscles that control the wrist

true

The elbow is comprised by which 3 joints?

humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar

What is another name for the humeroulnar joint?

hinge (ginglymus) joint

The humeroulnar joint is responsible for what motion?

flexion and extension

What is the closed packed position for the humeroulnar joint?

full extension and supination

What is another name for the humeroradial joint?

planem joint (P & B).

What motion is the humeroradial joint responsible for?

allows for glide of the radius on the humerus during flexion and extension

What is the closed packed position of the humeroradial joint?

90 degrees elbow flexion with 5 degrees of supination.

What is another name for the radioulnar joint?

pivot (trochoid) joint

What motion is the radioulnar joint responsible for?

pronation and supination

What is the closed packed position of the radioulnar joint?

full elbow extension with 5 degrees of supination

What is a carrying angle?

the longitudinal axis of the arm and forearm form a valgus angle at the elbow

What is a considered a normal carrying angle?

5-15 degrees

Men typically have a smaller carrying angle compared to women

true

The carrying angle is typically greater in the dominant arm

true

What are the conditions of the elbow?

bursitis, epicondylitis (lateral and medial), fractures (proximal radius, lateral or medial epi, supracondylar, proximal ulna), dislocation, and subluxated radial head

If there is a proximal radius fracture what happens?

presents with pain and swelling at the radial head, difficulty or inability to pronate and supinate the forearm

If there is a bursitis what happens?

presents with redness and swelling at the tip of the olecranon due to repetitive stress or infection

What is a lateral epicondylitis?

aka tennis elbow, pain and tenderness over the lateral epi due to repetitive or resisted extension of the wrist

What is a medial epicondylitis?

aka golfers elbow, pain over the medial epi due to repetitive or resisted flexion of the wrist

What can a lateral or medial epicondyle fracture cause?

ulnar nerve palsy (medial)

What can lateral condylar fracture lead to

valgus deformity

What is a supracondylar fracture?

pain and swelling at the distal humerus, more common in children rather than adults (gunstock deformity)

If there is a proximal ulna fracture what happens?

pain and diffuse swelling over the elbow, may or may not effect carrying angle

Dislocation of the elbow is the 2nd most common type of joint dislocation

true

In which direction is the most common for a dislocation of the elbow occur?

posterior or posterior lateral

What is a subluxated radial head?

aka nursemaids elbow; subluxation of the radial head as a result of the forearm being twisted (common in children under 5)

The wrist is comprised of which 3 bones?

radius, ulna, carpal bones (proximal and distal)

Which bones are in the proximal row?

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

What bones are in the distal row?

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Which 3 joints are in the wrist?

distal radioulnar joint, radiocarpal joint, intercapal/midcarpal joint

how many degrees of flexion in the wrist?

80

how many degrees of extension in the wrist?

70

how many degrees of ulnar deviation in the wrist?

30

how many degrees of radial deviaton in the wrist?

20

most wrist flexion occurs at which joint

intercarpal

most wrist extension occurs at which joint

radiocarpal

what is the closed packed position of the radiocarpal joint

maximal dorsiflexion (extension)

what is the closed packed position of the intercarpal joint

maximal dorsiflexion (extension)

What bones is the hand comprised of

metacarpals, phalanges,

what joints is the hand comprised of

carpometacarpal, intermetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal

Closed packed position for MCPs

flexion

Closed packed position for PIPs

extension

Closed packed position for DIPs

extension

what is the proximal transverse arch

the most rigid and stable of the hand arches, formed primarily by the distal row of the carpal bones

what is the distal transverse arch

formed by the heads of the metacarpals it is more mobile and designed to conform around objects

what is the longitudinal arch

runs the length of the hand centering near the 3rd metacarpal and crucial for grasping objects

Colles fracture

fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the wrist and hands

Boxers fractures

spiral fracture of the metacarpal; generally from punching

scaphoid fracture

most common carpal bone fracture

triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured bone

true

what is the most common subluxated/dislocated bone in which direction?

lunate going anterior

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

caused by compression of the median nerve

OA in the wrist and hand

unilateral swelling and tenderness at a joint; may cause the formation of nodules

RA in the wrist and hand

autoimmune disease that results in swelling, inflammation, pain, and deformity

What is swan neck deformity in RA

hyperextension of the PIPs and flexion of the DIPs

What is ulnar deviation of the fingers in RA

digits 2-5 angle towards the ulnar side of the MCPs