IPC chapter 2

sender

a person who encodes a message and transmits it

encoding

the mental process of creating and sending a message

reciever

a person who decodes a message

decoding

the mental process of interpreting a message

message

the meaning communicators assign to a symbol

symbol

anything that stands for a thought, person, object, feeling, or idea

verbal symbols

Words or vocabulary that make up a language

verbal communication

the use of words to convey meaning

nonverbal symbols

actions or conditions that express a meaning

nonverbal communication

sending or receiving messages without the use of words

channel

the medium through which the message is sent

feedback

the response to a message

context

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.

noise

anything that makes clear and effective communication challenging

internal noise

noise that occurs within the mind/body

external noise

noise that occurs in the environment, outside of the listener

semantic noise

noise that occurs when language affects your ability to understand someone

frame of reference

the perspective you bring to the conversation/interaction

interpersonal system

2+ interdependent individual

culture

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

role

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

rules

Behavioral guidelines for acting in certain ways in certain situations.

explicit rule

a rule about behavior that has been clearly articulated

implicit rule

a rule about behavior that has not been clearly articulated but is nonetheless understood

sanction

a reprimand for breaking a communication rule

norms

common ways of communicating and behaving in social settings

expectancy violations theory

a theory that suggests that we develop rules or expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated

synchronous communication

communication that occurs in real time

asynchronous communication

the sending and receiving occur at different times

sandwich approach

1. A positive statement

2. Future-oriented instructions

3. A compliment

mixed message

results when words communicate one message while actions, body language, or appearance communicate something else

observational I-statement

A statement that focuses on an observed behavior, starting with the pronoun I.

lean channel

A communication medium that provides few sources of sensory information to convey meaning

rich channel

A communication medium that provides many sources of sensory information to convey meaning

meta communication

communication about communication