VET 121- Where, What, Why

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Planes

Imaginary lines used descriptively to divide the body into sections

Sagittal plane

Plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts

Median plane/midsagittal plane

Plane that divides the body into equal right and left parts

Dorsal/frontal plane

Plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts

Transverse plane

Plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts

-ology (suffix)

Study of- used to describe specific branches of study

Neurology

Study of the nervous system

-logist (suffix)

Specialist

Cardiologist

Person who specializes in the study of treatment of heart disease and heart abnormalities

Anatomy

Body structure

Physiology

Study of body function

Pathology

Study of nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions

Etiology

Study of the cause of a disease

Dental arcade

Arrangement of teeth in mouth

Lingual surface

Aspect of the tooth facing tongue

Buccal surface

Aspect of the tooth facing cheek

Occlusal surface

Aspect of the teeth that meet when you chew

Labial surface

Tooth surface facing the lips

Contact surface

Aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth- mesial contact, distal contact

Body cavity

Hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs

Cranial cavity

Brain and skull

Spinal cavity

Spinal cord within spinal column

Thoracic cavity (chest)

Heart and lungs within the ribs and between the neck and diaphragm

Abdominal cavity (peritoneal cavity)

Major organs of digestion between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity

Pelvic cavity

Reproductive and some excretory organs bounded, by pelvic bones

Recumbent

Laying down

Dorsal recumbency

Laying on the back

Ventral recumbency

Laying on the belly

Left lateral recumbency

Laying on the left side

Right lateral recumbency

Laying on the right side

Adduction

Toward midline (Ad)

Abduction

Away from midline (Ab)

Flexion

Bending a joint and reducing the angle between two bones

Extension

Straightening a joint and increasing the angle between two bones

Cyt/o

Cell

Cytology

Study of cells

-plasm

Formative material of cells

Prot/o

First, foremost

Genetic

Something that pertains to genes or heredity

Genetic disorder/ Hereditary disorder

Any disease or condition cause by defective genes

Congenital

Denotes something that is present at birth

Anomaly

Deviation from what is regarded as normal

Tissue

Group of specialized cells that join together to perform a certain function

Histology

Study of tissues

Hist/o

Tissue

Four main types of tissues

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

-plasia

Formation, development, and growth of tissue in cell numbers

-throphy

Formation, development, and increased size of tissue and cells

a- AND -an (prefix)

without

ana- (prefix)

Backwards or reverse

hypo- (prefix)

Less than normal

hyper- (prefix)

More than normal q

dys- (prefix)

Bad, difficult

neo- (prefix)

New

Neoplasia (tumor)

Any (new) abnormal growth of tissue in which multiplication of the number of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive

Tumor

Distinct mass of tissue from forms a neoplasm

-oma (prefix)

Tumor or neoplasm

Benign

Not recurring

Malignant

Tending to spread and become life-threatening

Anaplasia

Reversion of cells to a more primitive or undifferentiated form

Aplasia

Lack of development of an organ, tissue, or cell

Dysplasia

Abnormal growth or development of an organ, tissue, or cell

Hyperplasia

Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ, tissue, or cell

Hypoplasia

Incomplete or less than normal development of an organ, tissue, or cell

Atrophy

Decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ, tissue, or cell

Dystrophy

Defective growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell

Hypertrophy

Increase in size of an organ, tissue, or cell

Glands

Groups od specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body

Aden/o

Gland

Exocrine

Glands secrete material into ducts

-crine

Secrete

Endocrine

Glands secrete chemicals into the bloodstream for transportation to organs and other structures throughout the body

Organ

Part of the body that performs a special function or functions

osteo/o, oss/e, oss/i (combining form)

bones- skeletal

arthr/o (combining form)

joints- skeletal

chondr/o (combining form)

cartilage- skeletal

my/o (combining form)

muscles- muscular

fasc/i, fasci/o (combining form)

fascia- muscular

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o (combining form)

tendons- muscular

cardi/o (combining form)

heart- cardiovascular

arteri/o (combining form)

arteries- cardiovascular

ven/o, phleb/o (combining form)

veins- cardiovascular

hem/o, hemat/o (combining form)

blood- cardiovascular

lymph/o (combining form)

lymph vessels, fluid, nodes- lymphatic and immune

tonsill/o (combining form)

tonsils- lymphatic and immune

splen/o (combining form)

spleen- lymphatic and immune

thym/o (combining form)

thymus- lymphatic and immune

nas/o, rhin/o (combining form)

nose or nares- respiratory

pharyng/o (combining form)

pharynx- respiratory

trache/o (combining form)

trachea- respiratory

laryng/o (combining form)

larynx- respiratory

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o (combining form)

lungs- respiratory

or/o, stomat/o (combining form)

mouth- digestive

esophag/o (combining form)

esophagus- digestive

gastr/o (combining form)

stomach- digestive

enter/o (combining form)

small intestine- digestive

col/o, colon/o (combining form)

large intestine- digestive

hepat/o (combining form)

liver- digestive