Unit 1: Terminology, Histology, Integumentary System

Cephalic

head

Frontal

forehead

Orbital

eye area

Nasal

nose

Oral

mouth

Mental

chin

Cervical

neck

Thoracic

chest

Sternal

breastbone area

Axillary

armpit

Mammary

breast

Umbilical

belly button

Pelvic

pelvis

Inguinal

groin

Pubic

genital area

Acromial

tip of shoulder

Brachial

arm

Antecubital

front of elbow

Olecranal

back of elbow

Antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

Manus

hand

Pollex

thumb

Metacarpal

back of hand

Palmar

palm

Digital

fingers, toes

Coxal

hip

Femoral

thigh

Patellar

front of knee

Popliteal

back of knee

Crural

leg

Sural

calf

Pedal

foot

Tarsal

ankle

Calcanea

heel

Metatarsal

top of foot

Plantar

sole of foot

Hallux

big toe

Otic

ear

Occipital

back of head

Scapular

shoulder blade area

Vertebral

vertebral column

Lumbar

lower back

Sacral

area between hips

Gluteal

buttlock

Perineal

region between anus and external genitalia

superior

toward from the top of the body or a structure

inferior

away from the top of the body or a structure

cranial

toward from the head

caudal

away from the head

medial

toward from the midline of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

proximal

toward from the point of origin

distal

away from the point of origin

anterior

toward from the front of the body

posterior

away from the front of the body

ventral

toward from the belly side

dorsal

away from the belly side

superficial

toward from the surface of the body

deep

away from the surface of the body

ipsilateral

same of the body

contralateral

opposite of the body

frontal (coronal) plane

divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions

sagittal plane

divides a structure into right and left portions

midsagittal (median) plane

divides a structure into equal right and left portions

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides a structure into superior and inferior portions

Dorsal body cavity

contains: cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Cranial cavity

contains: brain

Vertebral cavity

contains: spinal cord

Meninges

covering around the brain and spinal cord

Ventral body cavity

contains: abdominopelvic cavity and thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

contains: abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity

contains: stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands

Pelvic cavity

contains: rectum, urinary bladder, ovaries, uterus, prostate gland, seminal glands

Thoracic cavity

contains: pleural cavity, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

Pleural cavity (R/L)

surrounds the lungs, contains serous fluid

Mediastinum

contains: heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus

Pericardial cavity

surrounds the heart, contains serous fluid

Visceral peritoneum

covers abdominal organs

Parietal peritoneum

outer layer of abdominal organs

Peritoneal cavity

contains: serous fluid

Visceral pericardium

covers the heart

Parietal pericardium

outer layer of the heart

Visceral pleura

covers the lungs

Parietal pleura

outer layer of lungs

Right upper quadrant

liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, right kidney, right adrenal gland

Left upper quadrant

liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, left kidney, left adrenal gland

Right lower quadrant

small intestine, large intestine

Left lower quadrant

small intestine, large intestine

R Hypochondriac region

liver, gallbladder, right kidney, small intestine, large intestine

L Hypochondriac region

spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, large intestine

R Lumbar region

right kidney, small intestine, large intestine

L Lumbar region

left kidney, small intestine, large intestine

R Iliac (inguinal) regions

small intestine, large intestine

L Iliac (inguinal) regions

small intestine, large intestine

Epigastric region

liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Umbilical region

pancreas, small intestine, large intestine

Hypogastric region

small intestine, large intestine

Integumentary system

forms external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury (skin, hair, nails)

Skeletal system

protects and supports body organs and provides a framework for muscles (bones)