Digestive System

Incisors

Teeth, used to cut foods

Canines

Teeth, used to tear foods

Molars

Teeth, used to grind foods

Mechanical Digestion (mouth)

breaking down food physically with teeth and tongue, to larger to smaller particles.

Chemical Digestion (mouth)

breaking down food chemically of larger molecules to smaller molecules, changing chemical composition.

Salivary glands

where saliva is from

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

the three salivary glands

Bolus

rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth to be swallowed

Saliva

helps create bolus, digest food, and allows a person to speak

Salivary amylase

starch broken down to simple sugar.

Mucosa

helps the food moist while travelling.

Thinking, feeling, and doing

3 ways flow of saliva is stimulated

Digestion

breaking down of food chemically and physically so it can be absorbed.

Absorption

passage of nutrients into the blood.

Pharynx

Muscular tube, that acts as a passage for both air and food

Esophagus

muscular tube, that carries the food from the pharynx to the stomach

Epiglottis

“trap door” closes during swallowing to prevent choking

Peristalsis

involuntary wave like rhythmic muscle that move food through the digestive system.

Inferior gastroesophageal sphincter

controls the passage of bolus to the esophagus into the stomach.

Mechanical digestion (stomach)

muscles of the stomach contracts to physically churn and grind foods

Longitudinal, Circular, and Oblique

the 3 layers of muscle in the stomach.

Chemical digestion

through gastric juice, containing enzymes, pepsin, HCI.

HCl

helps destroy bacteria from food.

Pepsin

digestive enzyme that breaks down large protein into polypeptides

Chyme

from solids, cause of chemical digestion in the stomach

Pyloric sphincter

valve between the stomach and duodenum, only 3ml or less of chyme can enter

Duodenum

First part of the small intestine, most of the digestion occurs here.

Jejuum

Second part of the small intestine, most of absorptions occurs here

Ileum

Third part of the small intestine, more absorption occurs here

Bile

made from the LIVER, stored in the GALLBLADDER, and secreted into the DUODENUM

Pancreatic juice

made from the pancreas, containing enzymes and sodium bicarbonate which helps digest.

Amylase

further break down of starch

Trypsin

further break down of protein

Lipsin

breaks down fat to fatty acids and glycerol

Villi and microvilli

absorbed digested nutrients and carry it to the liver through the hepatic portal vein.

Liver

sugar, amino acids, and vitamins, are taken here

Lymph vessels

abosorbes fatty acids and glycerol before going to the bloodstream

Large intestine

undigested and unabsorbed food goes here by peristalsis, and h20 is absorbed and eliminated

Cecum

the opening, of the large intestine, where the appendix is connected

Colon

It goes ascending, transverse, and descending.

Rectum

where waste is stored

Anus

exit for feces through sphincter

Feces

formed in large intestine; undigested food, bile pigments, mucus, water, and bacteria

Crown

the exposed part of of the tooth

Outer enamel

In the crown, hardest bone, protects tooth

Dentin

In the crown, bone-like material, forms tooth

Pulp Activity

In the crown, pole of life, contains blood vessels and nerves

Neck

connects crown to root

Root

contains blood vessels and nerves

Detoxification

function of the liver, clears blood of poisonous materials

Digestion

function of the liver, aids with the production of bile

Metabolism

function of the liver, metabolizes carbohydrates, protein, and fats

Production

function of the liver, creates some blood nutrients

Storage

function of the liver, Iron copper, vitamins A, D, K, B -12

Homeostasis

function of the liver, with the pancreas regulates blood sugar