plant phys (plant structure)

plant phys examples

photosynthesis, gas exchange, ion transport, water conduction in xylem, signal transportation pathways

vegetative development

intermediate growth responding to development and environment factors

reproductive dev.

SAMs are programmed to produce floral organs

embryogenesis in seed plants

zygotic, globular, heart, torpedo, mature

at the mature stage of embryogenesis

it creates sugars/carbohydrates for next gen. also becomes dehydrated

plant growth happens through

meristems which divide to expand the plant body

primary growth

primary plant body grows (root, leaf, stem)

secondary growth

growth of vascular cambium

major tissues

epedermis, ground tissue, and vascular (xylum/phloem)

dermal/epidermis tissues

pavement cells(majority pattern shape) and trichomes(leaf hairs that prevent pathogens and evaporation is slower due to ruggedness)

leaf epidermis

cutin/wax (waterproof polymers) and guard cells (in pairs stomata)

purpose of epidermis

gas exchange. take in CO2 and release O2 and water vapor

Ground Tissues

two types: palisade mesophyll, and irregular spongy mesophyll

ground tissue (mesophyll cells) are important for what

gas exchange. travels through the space thru spongey. contains many chloroplasts and is responsible for photosynthesis.

parenchyma

thin primary wall, can continue division and differentiation

primary stems and roots

pith and cortex

vascular tissues purpose

form transport networks between diff. parts of the plant

xylem

non living treachery elements. transports water and materials

phloem

living sieve cells, conducting transport of photoassimilates (carbohydratesw produced by plants during photosynthesis) and nutrients throughout the plant.

plant cell compartments

endomembrane (internal) and semiautonomous organelles (mitochondria and chloroplast..own DNA)

movement of molecules between cells

symplasmic transport through plasmodesmata (extension of membrane) to communicate with neighboring cells. and Apoplastic which transport through permeable cell wall space out side the cells.

Vacuole

two types: lytic vacuoles (pH <5.5). lytic digestion, osmotic regulation, calcium ion signaling, defense responses. It is a junkyard. and Protein storage (Tonoplast) develops seeds

plastid family of development forms

begins with proplastid

Etioplast: crystalline prolamellar bodies, precursor of chlorophyll

Chloroplast: photosynthesis, lipid synthesis

Leucoplast: synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids

amyloplast: storage of starch and sugars

chromoplast: pigment synthesis and storage