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Test 11/19
The Supreme Court established which of the following by its ruling in Marbury v. Madison ?
(A) States have the authority to nullify acts of Congress.
(B) The Bank of the United States is constitutional under the implied powers clause.
(C) States may not interfere with interstate commerce.
(D) The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts
. (E) Government contracts cannot be repealed by the popular majority.
D
Which of the following is true of John Marshall’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?
(A) It reversed his position on judicial review taken in Marbury v. Madison.
(B) It increased federal authority by invoking the doctrine of implied powers.
(C) It declared the Yazoo land claims fraudulent.
(D) It granted individual states the right to regulate interstate commerce.
(E) It found that Georgia’s laws regulating the Cherokee Indians were constitutional.
B
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to
(A) promote business enterprise
(B) restrict federal powers of taxation
(C) restrict corporate development
(D) expand state control of economic activity
(E) reduce federal control of the economy
A
The excerpt best reflects which of the following trends during the early 1800s?
(A) The calls for funding of internal improvements under Henry Clay’s American System
(B) The increased role of the judiciary in establishing a stable economic system
(C) The shift to a more assertive foreign policy under the Monroe Doctrine
(D) The heightened tension between southern states and Congress over the tariff
B
5. Which of the following broader contexts most directly contributed to the conflict described in the excerpt?
(A) The public demand that the government regulate monopolies
(B) The introduction of technological innovations in cotton production
(C) The use of federal subsidies to expand the railroad network
(D) The creation of a national market with increased regional interdependence
D
In the 1820s, which of the following would have most strongly supported the decision in the excerpt?
(A) Entrepreneurs in transportation
(B) Workers in new textile factories
(C) Owners of large rural estates
(D) New York state officials
A
The opinion expressed in the excerpt most directly addressed which of the following concerns of the early republic?
(A) The threat of sailors being impressed into foreign navies
(B) The nation’s direction as a manufacturing or an agricultural republic
(C) The lack of a unified monetary system and a means to collect federal taxes
(D) The uncertain relationship between the national government and the state
D
1. Which of the following of Jackson’s policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt?
(A) Allowing territories to determine whether slavery should be legal within their borders
(B) Rejecting the Supreme Court’s power to determine constitutionality of laws
(C) Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups
(D) Encouraging individuals to settle west of the Mississippi River
C
Which of the following factors best supports the argument in the excerpt?
(A) The rise in manufacturing had led to many people relocating to towns and cities as demand for labor increased.
(B) The debates over the federal government’s proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century.
(C) The public visibility of women as leaders of national social and political reform movements had increased.
(D) The South had become increasingly reliant on producing and exporting cotton in the early nineteenth century.
B
Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration?
(A) A central bank was established.
(B) The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform.
(C) The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased.
(D) A nationwide banking system was begun.
(E) Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks.
C
The most important factor in Andrew Jackson’s successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his
(A) choice of John C. Calhoun as his running mate
(B) reputation as a hero of the War of 1812
(C) commitment to broad-based social reform
(D) reputation as an intellectual thinker and writer
(E) extensive experience in elective office
B
Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT
(A) Indian removal
(B) the right of nullification
(C) the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States
(D) annexation of new territory
(E) use of the presidential veto power
B
An important consequence of the “tariff of abominations” (1828) is that it led to the
(A) taxation of consumer items
(B) reelection of Andrew Jackson
(C) enunciation of the doctrine of nullification
(D) alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers
(E) expansion of the New England textile industry
C
Which of the following best explains the expansion of participatory democracy in the early nineteenth century?
(A) The abolition of slavery in most northern states
(B) The growth of manufacturing along rivers and canals
(C) The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men
(D) The influence of the early women’s rights movement
C
The nullification crisis of 1832 arose over the issue of
(A) Andrew Jackson’s use of the veto
(B) protective tariffs
(C) the Second Bank of the United States
(D) Jackson’s American Indian removal policy
(E) the Missouri Compromise
B
Many Americans were suspicious of the Second Bank of the United States for which of the following reasons?
(A) They believed that it was controlled by leaders of the Whig Party.
(B) They believed that it was controlled by southern plantation owners.
(C) They believed that it was controlled by a commercial elite.
(D) It refused to make any loans for business expansion.
(E) It refused to exchange bank notes for gold.
C
The ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from a larger intellectual debate over the
(A) balance between individual freedom and public order
(B) expansion of slavery into the western territories
(C) priorities of United States foreign policy
(D) relationship between the federal government and the states
D
People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following?
(A) The expansion of suffrage rights to most White men
(B) The maintenance of low tariffs that allowed the export of goods to Europe
(C) The expansion of United States territory through war
(D) The use of federal government funding for internal improvements
D
The rise in manufacturing beginning in the early 1800s eventually resulted in which of the following by 1848?
(A) The emergence of a larger middle class in the North
(B) A decline in economic inequality in urban areas
(C) An increased demand for agricultural workers in the Midwest
(D) The improvement of working conditions in factories
A
Which of the following best explains a change in migration in United States society during the early 1800s?
(A) The claims to land by American Indian groups prevented the migration of White settlers westward.
(B) The system of indentured servitude allowed Europeans living in poverty to immigrate to North America.
(C) The increased importance of Southern cotton coincided with substantial immigration from abroad to the region.
(D) The rise in manufacturing in the North coincided with an increase of immigration from abroad to these urban areas.
D
In the early 1830’s, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were
(A) young unmarried women from rural New England
(B) newly arrived immigrants form Ireland
(C) men who were heads of households
(D) married women whose children were of school age
(E) free African Americans form urban areas
A
Which of the following explains how the growth of a market-based economy in the United States in the early 1800s most directly influenced changes in gender roles?
(A) As both men and women took paid employment, social and political inequality between the sexes declined significantly.
(B) As an economy based on commercial transactions encouraged society to become more secular, many young women gave up traditional families.
(C) As home and the workplace became separated, women were increasingly expected to be responsible for housework and childcare while men took jobs outside the home.
(D) As working for wages became more common, many people ceased to view the family as a refuge from the struggle for subsistence.
C
Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?
(A) A sharp decline in regional differences
(B) The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives
(C) A decline in the income gap between those in the wealthiest class and those in the working class
(D) An increase in the importance placed on extended family relationships
B
The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it
(A) established the role of the federal government in internal improvements
(B) strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions
(C) made the invention of the steamboat economically viable
(D) spurred innovation in the railroad industry
(E) was the last major canal project before the Civil War
B
The National Road was constructed primarily for the purpose of
(A) demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase
(B) promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest
(C) opening the Southwest to ranchers
(D) assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country
(E) relieving overpopulation and crowding in the Northeast
B
The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that
(A) relied on the use of power-driven machinery
(B) utilized wireless communications to improve efficiency
(C) gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative
(D) relied on guilds to train artisans
(E) promoted more cooperation between labor unions and factory owners
A
Which of the following describes “the Lowell system” in early nineteenth-century New England?
(A) A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities
(B) An agreement among the New England states to secede and for a New England confederacy
(C) A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting
(D) A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812
(E) A congressional reappointment plan during the 1820’s
A
The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following?
(A) A decreasing gap in wealth because land ownership increased among White citizens
(B) Decreasing tensions between White settlers and Native Americans because expanded United States territory undercut competition
(C) Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories
(D) Increasing legal immigration for Asians because the United States became a Pacific Rim country
C
The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ?
(A) An undisputed claim to Oregon
(B) Control of the sugar trade with Cuba
(C) Possession of California and most of the Southwest
(D) Possession of the Philippines
(E) The right to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama
C
Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman’s and Giddings’ arguments about the Mexican American War?
(A) Whitman believed the United States should show patience before war, while Giddings believed the country had tolerated abuses for too long without war.
(B) Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States.
(C) Giddings asserted that the nation entered the war as a last resort, while Whitman asserted that the war was unnecessary to achieve the goals of the United States.
(D) Giddings claimed that the war had popular support in the United States, while Whitman claimed that most Americans opposed the war.
B
Which of the following is a similarity between how Whitman and Giddings made their arguments?
(A) Both used examples of Mexico’s behavior to support their points.
(B) Both sought to justify their positions to international observers.
(C) Both drew on principles from the Constitution to make claims.
(D) Both made religious appeals to prove their assertions.
B
Based on their arguments in the excerpts, Giddings would likely agree with and Whitman would likely disagree with which of the following claims about the causes of the Mexican-American War?
(A) The United States sought the repayment of Mexican debts.
(B) Mexico had killed Americans during a previous conflict in Texas.
(C) The United States desired to expand slavery to Mexican territory.
(D) Mexico had sent soldiers across the southern border of the United States.
C
The territorial changes shown in the southwestern region of the map most directly resulted from
(A) treaties made with American Indian nations
(B) the purchase of land from France and Spain
(C) the Spanish-American War
(D) the Mexican-American War
D
The acquisition of territory in the southwestern region shown in the map intensified controversies in the United States about
(A) granting free land in the new territories
(B) rights to mineral wealth and resources in the new territories
(C) extending citizenship to people already in the territories
(D) allowing slavery in the new territories
D
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Flashcard (23)