US History 11: Progressive Era, Imperialism, and WWI Key Concepts

Granger movement

A cooperative movement that provided mutual aid for farmers.

Workers' Rights and Labor Unions

Policies that farmers and populists attempted to enact to improve labor conditions.

Challenges faced by laborers in the late 1800s

Women were less likely to be hired, poor living conditions, unskilled, easily replaced, competition between immigrants.

Collective bargaining

Negotiating as a group to be more powerful than individuals.

Progressivism

The belief that people can progress society through reforms and that the government should play a bigger role.

Basic assumptions of Progressivism

Confidence in the power and progress of science, and the belief that power should be shifted towards the people.

Progressive amendments to the Constitution

Amendments 16, 17, 18, and 19 that aimed to accomplish Progressive goals.

Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

Presidents who were considered progressive due to their policies and reforms.

Election of 1912

An unusual election that highlighted the divisions within the political parties.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in which the United States invaded Cuba in 1898.

US gains from the Spanish-American War

Territorial acquisitions that changed the direction of American foreign policy.

Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson as imperialist presidents

Presidents who expanded American influence beyond its continental borders.

US neutrality at the beginning of World War 1

President Wilson's desire for the United States to remain neutral initially.

Causes of US entry into World War 1

Factors that led to the United States joining the conflict.

Spark that pushed the US to join World War 1

The specific event that triggered US involvement in the war.

Impact of US participation in World War 1 on Americans

How the war affected life for ordinary Americans.

Contribution of ordinary Americans to the war effort

Ways in which everyday citizens supported the war.

Expansion and restriction of rights during World War 1

How the war expanded and restricted rights, freedom, and opportunities for Americans.

Bonanza farms

Being able to farm land quickly which dropped the profit for crops.

Farmers' Alliance

Pushing for reforms at the local and state level - collective bargaining for better shipping rates.

People's Party (Populists)

Followed the success of the farmers alliance candidates.

Silver vs. Gold

High rates of poverty, child labor, unequal pay for women, wealth inequality - power of big businesses, unsafe/unsanitary living and working conditions.

Knights of Labor

Endorsed most of the reforms advanced by previous working men's groups.

Muckrakers

Writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, consumer safety, working conditions, and spurred public interest in progressive reforms.

Social Gospel

A protestant movement that stressed the Christian obligation to address mounting social problems caused by urbanization and industrialization.

16th Amendment

Federal income tax - greater power for the government - potential way to reduce income/wealth gap - more funding for government programs.

17th Amendment

Direct popular election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislature) - shifting power to common people.

18th Amendment

(Prohibition) Outlawed sale, production of liquor - regulate morality - rooting out alcoholism to help prevent crime, abuse, neglect, and more.

19th Amendment

Voting rights for women worldwide - greater participation of 'the people' - recognition of women's important roles in reform.

Open door policy

US would act as a gatekeeper to keep China open for trade to Western nations.

Annexation of Hawaii

Resources: fruit and sugar, strategic refueling stop in Pacific, annexed territory in 1898.

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America.

Dollar diplomacy

Foreign policy that aimed to use economic power to achieve foreign policy goals.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in World War I.

Schenck v. United States

A Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of a socialist who urged resistance to the draft during World War I.

Great Migration

The movement of over 6 million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West from 1916 to 1970.