BSC2085L practical 2 exam ₍^. .^₎⟆

location of hyaline cartilage connective

ends of long bones

function of hyaline cartilage

reinforcement, cushioning of structures

location of connective compact bone

found in all bones, forms the hard external covering of all bones

function of connective compact bone

provides strength and support, facilitates movement and weight bearing. houses bone marrow, calcium and fat

hyaline cartilage connective is composed of

chondrocytes, collagen fibers, and a semisolid ECM

connective compact bone is composed of

osteocytes, collagen fibers, calcium carbonate

connective spongy bone is composed of

osteocytes, trabeculae, red bone marrow

connective hyaline cartilage

connective compact bone

connective spongy bone

long bones

length of the bone is greater than the width

short bones

length and width are about equal, sometimes cube shaped

flat bones

thin, plate-lite structures

irregular bones

have a variety of shapes

examples of a long bone?

femur
humerus
tibia

examples of a short bone?

carpals
tarsals

examples of flat bones?

parietal bones
sternum
ribs

examples of irregular bone?

vertebrae
pelvic bones
facial bones

frontal bone

parietal bone

sphenoid bone

nasal bone

zygomatic bone

vomer bone

frontal maxilla

mandible

saggital suture

coronal suture

squamous suture

lambdoid suture

sphenoid bone (lateral view)

temporal bone

maxilla (lateral view)

zygomatic bone (lateral)

styloid process

external auditory meatus

mastoid process

lingual bone

palatine process

zygomatic bone (inferior)

sphenoid bone (inferior)

vomer (inferior)

mandibular fossa

mastoid projection

occipital condyle

foramen magnum

occipital bone

palatine bone

crista galli

cribriform plate

greater wing of sphenoid

lesser wing of sphenoid

sella turcica

the axis

the atlas

cervical vertebra

thoracic vertebra

lumbar vertebra

sacrum

coccyx

spinous projection

vertebral foramen

transverse foramen

transverse projection

body

dens (odontoid projection)

posterior arch

vertebral end

sternal end

manubrium

body of the sternum

costal cartilage

which skull bone connects to all the other skull bones?

sphenoid bone

the inner ear is contained in which bone?

temporal bone

the spinal cord and brainstem connect through what hole, in which bone?

magnum foramen, skull

bones that make up the bony orbit of the eye socket?

frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, sphenoid

ethmoid bone

what is the master gland?

pituitary gland

which bone surrounds the master gland?

sphenoid bone

what features make the cervical vertebrae different than other vertebrae?

short, bifurcated spinous process
transverse foramen for vertebral artery (unique in cervical)
transverse processes are shorter

have the smallest body because they bear the least amount of weight

how many cervical vertebrae are there in the vertical column?

7

names of the first two cervical vertebrae?

c1 - atlas
c2 - axis

what movement does c1 allow?

anterior/posterior arches - nodding “yes”

due to unique articulation between atlas and occipital condyles of skull

what movement does c2 allow?

shaking head - “no” motion
dens process allows for articulation with atlas

what structure does c1 articulate with?

occipital condyles of skull, c2 (axis)

what structures does c7 articulate with?

t1 thoracic vertebra
c6 vertebra

what are the purposes of the transverse foramen?

allows for verebral artery and vein to pass through cervical vertebrae

features of the thoracic vertebrae?

larger than cervical vertebrae
body has 2 small articular facets on each side to articulate with ribs
long spinous pprocess w/ downward hook

only vertebrae to articulate with ribs

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

what do the throacic vertebrae articulate with?

the ribs

how many pairs of ribs are there?

12 pairs

how do the ribs articulate with the throacic vertebrae?

articulate posteriorly

what do the throacic vertebrae articulate with superiorly?

cervical vertebrae

what do the throacic vertebrae articulate with inferiorly?

lumbar vertebrae

features of lumbar vertebrae?

large, block-like bodies

short, thick spinous processes

articular facets are oriented differently

recieves most stress, strong

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

what other vertebrae do the lumbar articulate with?

thoracic vertebrae (T12)

sacrum

what bone does the sacrum articulate with superiorly?

5th lumbar (L5)

what bone does the sacrum articulate with on its lateral surface?

illium

what joint is formed between the sacrum and the lateral bones?

iliosacral joint