Year 10 Genetics Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms from the Year 10 Genetics lecture notes, including definitions for DNA structure, inheritance patterns, and evolution.

DNA

The molecule that stores genetic information and provides instructions for making proteins.

Gene

A section of DNA that contains instructions for a specific characteristic.

Chromosome

A package of DNA containing many genes.

Allele

A different version of a gene.

Genotype

Genetic makeup.

Phenotype

Observable trait.

Dominant

An allele expressed with one copy.

Recessive

An allele expressed only when two copies are present.

Punnett square

Shows the probability of offspring inheriting certain genotypes and phenotypes.

Mutation

A change in DNA.

Natural selection

The process where advantageous traits become more common because individuals with those traits survive and reproduce more.

Evolution

The change in populations over generations.