Fetal Circulation and Congenital Heart Diseases

These flashcards cover key concepts of fetal circulation, cardiac malformations, diagnostic tests, and nursing care related to cardiovascular dysfunction in children.

What adaptations occur in fetal circulation before birth?

Umbilical Vein, Ductus Venosus, Foramen Ovale, Ductus Arteriosus, Umbilical Artery.

What happens to the Foramen Ovale after birth?

It closes in minutes and becomes the fossa ovalis.

What is a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?

A defect that results from the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close.

List the four main types of cardiac malformations.

Atrial Septal Defect, Ventricular Septal Defect, Atrioventricular Canal Defect, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

What is the purpose of the heart-lung machine during surgery?

It pumps and adds oxygen to the blood before it returns to the body.

What is Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?

A congenital heart defect that involves four anatomical abnormalities.

Define 'Right-to-Left shunt' in cardiac malformations.

Defects that result in decreased pulmonary blood flow.

What are the signs of congestive heart failure in children with cardiac defects?

Dyspnea, feeding difficulty, failure to thrive, heart murmurs, and tachycardia.

What are some diagnostic tests used for congenital heart diseases?

Chest x-ray, Pulse oximeter, ECG, Echocardiogram, Holter Monitor, Cardiac Catheterization, MRI.

Describe the management of a child post-cardiac surgery.

Monitor vital signs, maintain aseptic technique, manage pain, and ensure adequate nutrition.