Glucose Regulation

3.3

insulin should be started if potassium is below this

3.5 - 5.0

normal potassium levels

diabetic ketoacidosis

potassium of 2.3, skin and mucous membranes are dry, nauseous, and thirsty

regular insulin

only type of insulin given via IV

IV regular insulin

used to treat DKA

glucagon pen

client with frequent hypoglycemic episodes

insulin pen

client with visual deficits

insulin pump

client who needs to minimize injections

regular insulin by vial

client lacking financial resources and without prescription drug insurance coverage

metformin

drug interaction with CT scan dye; cannot give before surgery; occasional diarrhea is normal

sulfonylurea

do not administer to people with sulfa allergies

glargine insulin

inject in a separate site from all other insulins; long acting/once a day injections; never give via IV route

lispro insulin

safest time to administer is when food is available for the client

regular insulin

most effective if given 30 mins before food

HHNK

patients with type 2 diabetes that cannot get ketoacidosis; comes on gradually related to poor diabetes control; reduced fluid intake

renal injury

can be caused by giving metformin 48 hours after imaging

hypoglycemia

blood glucose of 26 or lower

70-100

normal BG range

50% dextrose IV

give to pt with decreased level of consciousness

juice

fast acting sugar but lethargic pt is at risk for aspiration