Unit 3 Short Answer

Flashcards covering key concepts related to heuristics, stages of psychological development, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Confirmation bias is the tendency to look for information that ___ your viewpoint while ignoring information that ___ it.

supports, refutes

Loss aversion suggests that loss is as powerful as gain, leading individuals to avoid even with a possible gain.

2x; loss

The availability heuristic refers to the probability of an event occurring based on how __ it is to recall.

easy

The representative heuristic involves judging a person or group of people based on __ of their appearance.

a stereotype

Piaget’s sensory motor stage lasts from __ and focuses on how children learn to move and take in their surroundings.

birth to 2 years

In the pre-operational stage, which occurs from ages __, children develop __ thinking and master conservation tasks.

2-7; symbolic

During the concrete operational stage, which spans ages __, children develop __ thinking.

7-11; logical

The formal operational stage, which occurs from ages __, is characterized by the development of __ thinking and the ability to make predictions.

11-15; abstract

Freud's oral stage lasts from and focuses on pleasure centered around the .

birth to 18 months; mouth

In the anal stage, which lasts from __, children gain pleasure from withholding and releasing __.

18 to 36 months; excrement

The phallic stage occurs from ages __, where children discover their genitals and the Oedipus complex occurs in __.

3-6 years; boys

The latency period lasts from ages and is characterized by a in development.

6 years to puberty; time out

The genital stage spans from to and is marked by sexual __ and behaviors.

puberty; death; reawakening

Maslow's physiological stage includes basic needs such as __, __, and __.

food; water; shelter

During the safety stage, which is focused on order and predictability, individuals seek resources and __.

income

The love and belonging stage encompasses relationships with family, __, and friends, emphasizing the need to feel part of a __.

partner; group

Esteem needs are related to the desire to be accepted and valued by others in areas like work, _, and performance.

academics

Self-actualization occurs when someone reaches their __ potential, though not everyone attains this stage.

full

As individuals progress through the stages of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, they may experience these needs at __ points in their life.

different