Electrostatics and Circuits

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7 Terms

1
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What are the power equations used in electric circuits?

In electric circuits, power P is calculated using:

  1. P = IV
    → Power = Current × Voltage

  2. P = I^2^ R
    → Power = Current² × Resistance

  3. P = (V^2^)/ R
    → Power = Voltage² ÷ Resistance

<p>In electric circuits, power P is calculated using:</p><ol><li><p><strong>P = IV</strong><br>→ Power = Current × Voltage</p></li><li><p><strong>P = I^2^ R</strong><br>→ Power = Current² × Resistance</p></li><li><p><strong>P = (V^2^)/ R </strong><br>→ Power = Voltage² ÷ Resistance</p></li></ol><p></p>
2
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How do you calculate total resistance in a parallel circuit?

For resistors in parallel:

1/Rtot = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+⋯

Then, solve for Rtot by taking the reciprocal:

Rtot = (1/R1+1/R2+⋯ )^−1^

3
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How do electrons flow in the electron transport chain, and why is O₂ the final acceptor?

"Electrons Climb the Ladder of Positivity"

  • They move up in reduction potential, ending at O₂, the most "electronegative VIP"!

  • Oxygen (O₂) is the final electron acceptor because it has the most positive reduction potential in the chain.

4
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What is an electrolytic cell?

An electrolytic cell uses an external electrical potential to drive a nonspontaneous redox reaction.

  • Requires energy input (usually from a battery or power supply)

  • Electrons are forced through the circuit to make the reaction happen

  • Used in electroplating, electrolysis of water, and metal refining

5
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What is the physical state of most metal oxides at standard temperature?

"Metal + O = Solid Show"

  • When metals meet oxygen, they make strong, solid oxides!

6
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How does the Lorentz force affect the motion of charged particles in a magnetic field?

The Lorentz force acts perpendicular to both the velocity of a charged particle and the magnetic field, causing the particle to move in a curved (circular or helical) path.

7
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What is the Right-Hand Rule?

“Fingers: Velocity → Palm: Field → Thumb: Force”
🔄 (Flip the force direction for negative charges)

  • This rule only applies when v ⊥ B (perpendicular)