Equal Opportunity

ATSI

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

Adversity

Misfortune or difficulty

Advocacy

The act of campaigning or arguing for a particular issue or cause

Community

A group of people living or working in the same place or environment and act collectively in the areas of social values and with shared responsibilities

Community empowerment

When individuals and organisations work together to address an identified problem

Determinants of health

Factors that affect how healthy we are

Discrimination

Treating someone unfairly or less favourably because they happen to belong to a particular group of people

Individual empowerment

An individual’s ability to make decisions about, or to have control over their life and health

Inequity

Lack of fairness or justice

Marginalisation

The social process by which a person or group of people are neglected by society

Marginalised

Treating a person, group or concept as insignificant or on the fringes of society

Prejudice

Unfavourable opinions or feelings formed without reason, knowledge or thought

Role model

A person whose behaviour, example or success serves as a model to be emulated by others, especially by younger people

Sociocultural factors

Factors that have an impact on people’s ability to make positive decisions about their health, including family, peer group, gender and culture

Stereotype

A widely held, simplified and essentialist belief about a specific group of people

What are five examples of marginalised groups in the Macarthur area?

• Homeless

• Families in poverty

• Residents in highly disadvantaged suburbs

• ATSI people

• People with disabilities

• People with financial difficulties

• Older people in rapidly growing areas

What are three main struggles faced by ATSI people accessing healthcare in the Macarthur region?

• Racism

• Poor coordination between services

• Costs of visits

• Impact of colonisation with trauma and poverty not meeting local needs

• Family and housing support issues

What are some examples of determinants of health?

• Where we live

• What the physical environment is like

• How much we earn

• Genetics

• Education level

• Our relationships with friends and family

What are five individual behaviours that influence health and wellbeing?

• Physical activity

• Nutrition

• Obesity

• Sun protection

• Substance use

• Sexual health protection

• Injury prevention campaigns

• Mental health

What are five influences on the health and wellbeing of community?

• Environmental factors

• Quality of air, water, food and soil

• Lack of access to fruit and vegetables

• Access to healthcare facilities

• Community factors

• Socioeconomic factors

• Education

• Income levels

• Cultural factors

What are two ways inequalities may exist between people or groups in the school or local community?

• Certain races may be seen as inferior and treated less favourably

• Indigenous people can face more difficulty in learning literacy and numeracy

• Selective and private schools can promote segregation towards public schools

What are two reasons inequalities have developed in community and schools?

• Economic factors

• Racism

• Housing

How will inequities demean a person’s sense of self?

It makes them feel insecure, as they will constantly keep thinking of what others think of them and judge their own worth

What is the life expectancy, leading disease groups and social determinants of ATSI people’s health status?

Life expectancy: females is 75.6 years and males is 71.9 years

Leading disease groups: mental health and substance use disorders, injuries, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and musculoskeletal conditions

Social determinants: lower income, higher unemployment, lower educational attainment and poorer housing conditions

What is the life expectancy, leading disease groups and social determinants of disabled people’s health status?

Life expectancy: can die up to twenty years earlier than the average person

Leading disease groups: chronic conditions, pain, mental health

Social determinants: lower rates of employment, low access to healthcare and negative attitudes from health professionals

What are five phrases related to stereotypes of marginalised groups?

• Believe they deserve more rights

• Refuse to do things

• Lazy

• Irrational

• Incompetent

• Abnormal behaviour

• Egotistic

What are three phrases used by Dylan Alcott when mainstreaming disability?

• Diverse

• Capable

• Strong

• Equal member of society

• Talented

• Defined by potential

• Included

Which Australian state has the highest levels of discriminatory attitudes towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people?

Western Australia

What are two effects of subtle racism?

• Discrimination can lead to depression and anxiety

• Creates a sense of inferiority for the race

• Empathy is created for bystanders and encourages them to step up

How is a role model defined?

A person whose behaviour, example or success is emulated by others, especially younger people

What are five characteristics of a role model?

• Confidence

• Leadership

• Not afraid to be unique

• Good communicator

• Respect and concern for others

• Humility and willingness to admit mistakes

• Shows passion and can inspire others

• Clear values

• Shows commitment to the community

• Shows the ability to overcome obstacles or adversity

What is Turia Pitt vs Dylan Alcott’s adversity?

Turia Pitt: caught in a large bushfire and sustained burns to 65% of her body

Dylan Alcott: born with a tumour wrapped around his spinal cord, meaning he underwent life saving surgery as a newborn

How did Turia Pitt vs Dylan Alcott have personal features that helped overcome disability?

Turia Pitt: supportive family, determined attitude, using engineering mindset when approaching rehabilitation, setting better boundaries, not developing a victim mentality

Dylan Alcott: embracing sports, developing a resilient mindset, advocating for representation, support from family, changing media perceptions and elite achievements

How did Turia Pitt vs Dylan Alcott contribute to their community?

Turia Pitt: became the Ambassador for Interplast Australia and New Zealand which helps with reconstructive surgery in developing countries. She is an advocate for organ and tissue donation, as well as forming an Instagram account to encourage people to buy from small businesses in fire affected towns

Dylan Alcott: founded the Dylan Alcott Foundation to help young Australians with disabilities remove barriers in sport, education and career opportunities. Apart from being part of Get Skilled Access and the Ability Fest, Dylan led a coalition to increase the representation of people with disabilities in marketing

What does TAC stand for in terms of Aboriginals?

Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation

What does TAC aim to provide?

Quality services that will enhance health and wellbeing of Aboriginals in the Southwest Sydney region

How much of the population in Airds identifies as ATSI?

15.5%

What is an example of a medical service, social and emotional wellbeing service and healthy lifestyle that TAC provides?

• Medical: metabolic program under the primary health care service

• Social and emotional wellbeing service: psychology and counselling under the social and emotional wellbeing sector

• Healthy lifestyle service: good tucker all round program

What are five influences to health access?

• Income

• Distance

• Lack of transportation

• Lack of insurance

• Culture

• Discrimination

• Health literacy

• Housing

• Employment

What are two main health problems for ATSI people?

• Premature deaths

• Chronic diseases

• Poor nutrition

What are two reasons why ATSI people live shorter and less healthy lives?

• Lower average income

• Long term impacts of colonisation

• Smoking and alcohol consumption

What are three reasons why access to healthcare is complicated for marginalised groups?

• A lack of safe or adequate housing

• Inadequate access to financial support

• Lack of access to education or employment

• A mistrust of health services

• Other barriers such as language or culture

What are the five domains of disadvantage with a brief explanation of each?

• Social stigmatisation (disapproval): being part of more than one stigmatised group, such as being Indigenous, a single parent who relies on welfare, having a disability and not being paid in employment

• Early life disadvantage: having divorced parents, parents who are unemployed, not finishing school, getting pregnant early and leaving home early

• Financial hardship: relying on government income support, having little or no wealth, low income, high financial stress and having unfavourable debt such as credit card debt

• Poor health: suffering chronic health problems, poor physical and mental health and poor health choices

• Social isolation: having poor relationships, little social support and few social contacts

Compared to those in the community who are not disadvantaged, marginalised individuals ___: (list two)

• Have much poorer physical and mental health

• Are more likely to have chronic health problems

• Report fewer social contacts upon whom they can rely on

• Are more likely to receive income support and are reliant on this support for most of their income

What is an important role of the government in public health?

• Funding and regulation of health services such as hospitals

• Protecting the public from health issues such as the spread of infectious diseases

• Focused on promoting health in the community

What do healthcare providers such as doctors aim to do when providing care to individuals?

Promote the prevention of lifestyle related illnesses and the development of healthcare programs to improve social and physical environments in the community