Jose Rizal: His Works and Nationalism in the Philippines

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Historical account by Antonio Morga from 1493-1603.

Antonio Morga

Spanish royal official and observer of Philippine events.

Rizal's Annotations

Rizal's critique and insights on Morga's work.

Political Aspects

Governance and authority during Spanish colonization.

Social Aspects

Cultural interactions between Filipinos and colonizers.

Economic Aspects

Economic conditions under Spanish rule in the Philippines.

Spanish Colonization Goals

Religious propagation, wealth acquisition, and supremacy.

Romano Katoliko

Catholicism criticized by Morga in his writings.

Noli Me Tangere

Novel by Rizal published in 1887, meaning 'Touch Me Not'.

Crisostomo Ibarra

Protagonist aspiring to establish a school in San Diego.

Maria Clara

Ibarra's love interest, symbolizing purity and sacrifice.

Padre Damaso

Antagonistic priest, true father of Maria Clara.

Cultural Representation

Rizal's depiction of Filipino culture and identity.

Historical Context

Philippine history before and during Spanish colonization.

Rizal's Perspective

Rizal's view on rewriting Philippine history.

Filipino Identity

Exploration of Filipino culture and heritage in literature.

Social Cancer

English translation of Noli Me Tangere, highlighting societal issues.

Literary Symbolism

Characters in Noli represent broader social themes.

Historical Critique

Rizal's challenge to Morga's historical narrative.

Spanish Influence

Impact of Spanish rule on Filipino society and culture.

Religious Critique

Morga's caution against the purity of religion.

Educational Aspirations

Ibarra's goal to improve education for Filipino youth.

Kapitan Tiago

Merchant from Binondo, father figure to Maria Clara.

Elias

Fisherman and farmer aiding Ibarra's understanding.

Sisa

Mother suffering from an abusive husband.

Basilio

Sisa's son, church bell ringer.

Crispin

Sisa's son, church altar boy.

Pilosopo Tasio

Wise old advisor in San Diego.

Donya Victorina

Pretends to be mestiza, obsessed with status.

Padre Salvi

Replaced Padre Damaso, secretly loves Maria Clara.

Alperes

Powerful figure in San Diego, rival of the priest.

Donya Consolacion

Alperes's wife, former laundress with foul mouth.

Don Tiburcio de Espadaña

Lame Spaniard seeking fortune, married to Victorina.

Linares

Distant cousin of Tiburcio, proposed to Maria Clara.

Don Filipo

Lieutenant mayor, fond of reading Latin.

Señor Nyor Juan

Oversees school construction activities.

Lucas

Brother of the yellow man involved in Ibarra's attack.

Tarsilo

Brother of Bruno, father killed by Spaniards.

Tiya Isabel

Kapitan Tiago's sister-in-law, raised Maria Clara.

Donya Pia Alba

Maria Clara's devout mother, died after childbirth.

Kapitan Basilio

One of the town captains in San Diego.

Teniente Guevarra

Honest lieutenant who informs Ibarra about his father.

Kapitana Maria

Patriotic woman supporting Ibarra's father's memory.

Padre Sibyla

Dominican priest secretly monitoring Ibarra's actions.

Albino

Former seminarian who joined the picnic.

Philippine Condition

Under Spanish rule, Filipinos face oppression and abuse.

Noli Me Tangere

Novel by Rizal highlighting Philippine societal issues.

Maria Clara

Ibarra's beloved, daughter of Kapitan Tiyago.

Don Rafael Ibarra

Ibarra's father, accused of heresy and treason.

Tinyente Guevarra

Officer who informs Ibarra about his father's death.

Padre Damaso

Antagonistic priest, accuses Don Rafael of heresy.

Erehe

Term for someone who disobeys Church orders.

Pilibustero

Term for someone opposing government orders.

Nol Juan

Ibarra's ally who helps establish a school.

Elias

Ibarra's friend who aids in his escape.

Lawa ng Bay

Location where Ibarra hides from pursuers.

Kapitan Heneral

Authority figure who helps Ibarra return to Church.

Kasal kay Maria Clara

Ibarra's intended marriage, disrupted by Padre Damaso.

Gomburza

Three martyred priests honored in El Filibusterismo.

El Filibusterismo

Rizal's novel addressing colonial oppression and injustice.

Katarungan

Justice sought for the oppressed in the novel.

Pagsalakay sa kuwartel

Incident leading to Ibarra's arrest.

Basillo

Character discovered by Elias in the forest.

Sisa

Elias's deceased mother, symbolizing suffering.

Ilog Pasig

River where Ibarra and Elias escape.

Pag-aaral sa Europa

Maria Clara reflects on Ibarra's letters before studying.

Imbestigasyon

Inquiry into Don Rafael's actions following the incident.

Paghihiganti

Ibarra's initial desire for revenge against his father's accusers.

Pagpapatayo ng paaralan

Ibarra's initiative to honor his father's legacy.

Dugo

Elias is shot, mistaken for Ibarra during escape.

Nobela

Isang akdang pampanitikan na naglalaman ng kwento.

Simoun

Pangunahing tauhan na puno ng poot at galit.

Valentin Viola

Tumulong kay Simoun sa paglimbag ng akda.

Kalayaan

Tunay na karapatan ng bayan na makamit.

Rebolusyonaryong damdamin

Damdamang nagtutulak sa pagbabago ng lipunan.

Kabesang Tales

Naghahangad ng karapatan sa lupang sinasaka.

Tandang Selo

Ama ni Kabesang Tales, nabaril ng apo.

Ginoong Pasta

Taga-payo ng mga prayle sa legal na suliranin.

Ben Zayb

Mamamahayag ng pahayagan sa nobela.

Placido Penitente

Mag-aaral na nawalan ng ganang mag-aral.

Padre Camorra

Paring may artilyerong hitsura.

Padre Fernandez

Dominikong pari na may malayang paninindigan.

Don Custodio

Kilalang tawag na Buena Tinta.

Juanito Pelaez

Mag-aaral na may dugong Kastila.

Makaraig

Mayamang mag-aaral na lumalaban para sa akademya.

Sandoval

Kawaning Kastila na sumusuporta sa mga mag-aaral.

Donya Victorina

Mapagpanggap na Europeo, tunay na Pilipina.

Paulita Gomez

Kasintahan ni Isagani, nagpakasal kay Juanito.

Juli

Anak ni Kabesang Tales, katipan ni Basilio.

Hermana Bali

Himok kay Juli upang humingi ng tulong.

Bapor Tabo

Bapor na naglalakbay sa pagitan ng Maynila at Laguna.

Akademiya ng Wikang Kastila

Hiling ng mga mag-aaral na hindi ipinagtibay.

Paghihimagsik

Rebellion against oppression and injustice.

Basillo

Character wrongfully implicated in student protests.

Juli

Basillo's girlfriend who commits suicide.

Padre Camorra

Antagonist who assaults Juli.

Simoun

Main character seeking revenge through manipulation.

Don Timoeo Pelaez

Father of Juanito, involved in marriage arrangements.

Paulita Gomez

Fiancée of Juanito, connected to Simoun's plan.

Kapitan Heneral

High-ranking official involved in local governance.