Advanced Adult Health: Cardiovascular, Vascular, Hematologic, and Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards in fill-in-the-blank format covering DIC, PAD, Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection, ACS/CABG, Mechanical Circulatory Support (IABP/VAD), Shock, Cardiac Tamponade, Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Liver Disorders, Obesity, and Bariatric Surgery.

Excess thrombin converts fibrinogen to __________ and promotes platelet aggregation in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).

fibrin

Chronic DIC is treated with __________ because it does not respond to oral anticoagulants.

Heparin

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is calculated using the formula: $\text{ABI} = \frac{\text{Ankle systolic blood pressure}}{\text{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}}$.

Higher brachial systolic blood pressure

An Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) result of 0.40 or lower indicates __________ Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD).

Severe PAD

The classic symptom of lower extremity Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is intermittent claudication, caused by lactic-acid accumulation from __________ metabolism.

anaerobic

The emergency cues for acute arterial ischemia are known as the six Ps: Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, and __________.

Poikilothermia

An arterial aneurysm described as a circumferential, relatively uniform dilation is classified as a __________ aneurysm.

Fusiform aneurysm

Type A aortic dissection affects the ascending aorta/aortic arch and usually requires a __________ emergency.

Surgical

During Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery, the Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA) is most commonly used to bypass the __________ artery because it supplies blood to the largest part of the heart muscle.

Left Anterior Descending (LAD)

In an Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP), pneumatic inflation begins at the start of __________ and deflates just before systole.

diastole

Moderate to severe aortic insufficiency is considered a __________ for Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) therapy.

Contraindication

To prevent arterial trauma or displacement during IABP therapy, the nurse must keep the head of the bed no higher than __________ degrees.

45

A Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) shunts blood from the left ventricle and pumps it directly into the __________.

aorta

The classic Beck's triad seen in cardiac tamponade consists of hypotension, muffled heart tones, and __________.

distended neck veins

Pulsus paradoxus is defined as an abnormally large fall in systolic blood pressure greater than __________ mm Hg during inspiration.

10

In the initial stage of shock, cellular hypoperfusion shifts metabolism from aerobic to __________ metabolism, causing lactic acid buildup.

anaerobic

In the Sepsis Hour-1 bundle, rapid administration of __________ mL/kg crystalloid is initiated for hypotension or lactate $\ge 4\,\text{mmol/L}$.

30

Candidates for bariatric surgery typically have a BMI of $\ge 40\,\text{kg/m}^2$ or a BMI of $\ge 35\,\text{kg/m}^2$ with at least one weight-related __________.

comorbidity

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is classified as a combination of restrictive and __________ surgical procedures.

malabsorptive

Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome requires meeting at least __________ of the 5 diagnostic criteria.

3

Esophageal varices are complex, enlarged veins at the lower end of the esophagus caused by __________ hypertension.

portal

In managing hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose works by trapping __________ in the gut so it can be expelled via the colon.

ammonia

A red, velvety precancerous patch on the mouth mucosa or tongue is referred to as __________.

Erythroplakia

Black, tarry, foul-smelling stools caused by the digestion of blood from an upper GI source are termed __________.

melena

When caring for a patient with a balloon tamponade tube (such as a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube), a pair of __________ must always be kept at the bedside for emergency airway obstruction.

scissors